Índice:
1 – Bioalgas/bizz – 1 / 2;
2 - BioAlgas/health – 1 / 2 / 3 / 4;
3 - Bioalgas/environment - 1 / 2
4 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy - 1 / 2 / 3
5 – BioAlgas/Technology – 1 / 2 / 3
6 – BioAlgas/nutraceutical – 1
7 – BioAlgas/Biodiesel - 1
****************************************************************************
1 - Bioalgas/bizz – 1
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/01/14/business/ihi-biotech-unit-succeeds-in-cutting-
cost-of-growing-oil-producing-algae/#.UtbChfvhS3x
IHI biotech unit succeeds in cutting cost
of growing oil-producing algae
Biofuel research firm IHI NeoG Algae LLC, a unit of major heavy machinery maker
IHI Corp., has succeeded in cutting the cost of producing oil from algae, an alternative
to crude oil-based fuel.
Working at a 100-sq.-meter outdoor location, the company was able to cut the cost from
about ¥1,000 to about ¥500 per liter partly thanks to breed improvement.
The oil, called Mobura, can be used as jet fuel and materials for plastic bottles and
cosmetics, Kawasaki-based IHI NeoG said.
The company hopes to further reduce the per-liter Mobura production cost to below
¥100, the price of refining crude oil, through further breed improvement and
automation, with the aim of putting the new biofuel into practical use by 2020.
The IHI unit, established in 2011, is partly owned by Gene & Gene Technology, a
biotechnology startup in Suita, Osaka Prefecture, and the Kawasaki-based Neo-Morgan
Laboratory.
The alga was developed by the Meo-Morgan Laboratory based on a fast-breeding
species discovered by Gene & Gene Technology. The algae are being grown at a pond
using IHI’s plant technology.
IHI NeoG hopes to grow the algae near thermal power stations in the future so that they
can absorb carbon dioxide emitted from the plants, to help curb global warming,
company officials said.
2 - Bioalgas/Bizz – 2
Lammers to head up $5 million algae
consortium
Algae research at New Mexico State University
he U.S. Department of Energy has awarded a $5 million grant to improve algae-
based fuel that is compatible with existing refineries to a multi-institutional team led by
New Mexico State University. Peter Lammers, director of the NMSU Algal Bioenergy
team, will be the principal investigator of the project, entitled “Realization of Algae
Potential” (REAP).
Lammers will coordinate efforts at partner institutions that include Los Alamos,
Argonne and Pacific Northwest national laboratories; Washington State and Michigan
State universities and four companies, Phycal, Algenol Biofuels, Pan Pacific
Technologies and UOP-Honeywell.
Key goals of the 2.5-year project are to improve
the yields and stability of algal biomass and cultivation systems while also improving
oil content at harvest.
Peter Lammers directs the NMSU Algal Bioenergy team
Each of the necessary process elements, or unit operations, required to produce drop-in
fuels from algal biomass are targets for improvements by various team members. Strain
improvement work will be conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Michigan
State University and Phycal; cultivation simulation and validation work will be
conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and NMSU respectively; while
bio-crude extraction methods are being developed at Washington State University.
Quantitative modeling of the unit operations and integrated processes will occur at Pan
Pacific Technologies, Algenol Biofuels and Argonne National Laboratory. Algenol
Biofuels also will provide closed cultivation systems that dramatically reduce water
losses to evaporation and enhance the stability of algae cultures.
The project reaches across several NMSU departments, including chemical engineering,
plant and environmental sciences, fishery and wildlife sciences and the Bio-Security and
Food Safety Laboratory. NMSU’s key role will be to integrate all of the unit operations
at a single location to demonstrate start-to-finish process compatibility.
The REAP award follows two other federal awards for the NMSU Algal Bioenergy
team – Department of Energy funding through the National Alliance for Advanced
Biofuels and Bioproducts consortium amounting to $700,000 over two years for NMSU
to support the algal cultivation testbed located at the Fabian Garcia Science Center, and
a National Science Foundation EPSCoR award for which NMSU will get $1.5 million
over five years for the algal effort.
3 - BioAlgas/health &Nutrition – 1
http://uncw.edu/research/stories/race/
A Race to Stop EHV-1. A virologist's
collaboration with marine science
researchers could block the horse virus.
Art Frampton & Lauren Singletary
Novel Receptor
How does EHV-1 invade a horse cell?
Frampton and graduate student Lauren Singletary have identified a novel receptor,
MHC class I (MHCI) - a portion of a horse cell that the virus uses as an entrance. Found
in human and animal cells, MHCI normally aids the immune response system. When
EHV-1 enters a horse cell via MHCI, it is able to replicate, spread and cause disease.
Clinical signs of infection, such as fever, coughing, nasal discharge and neurological
disease can show up within 24 hours after virus entry, but typically the incubation
period is four to six days.
In addition to identifying which receptor the virus uses to enter the cell, Singletary and
Frampton are working to determine which viral molecules attach to the receptor to
permit virus entry.
“The virus particles of EHV-1 contain 13 different glycoproteins on the surface. These
are special sugar-protein molecules that specifically interact with receptors to allow
entry into the cell. I am trying to figure out which glycoproteins are binding to our
receptor,” Singletary says. “Once I can determine that, I want to go further to find out
specifically which part of the protein is binding to which part of the receptor.”
Singletary uses an enzyme immunoassay, a biochemical technique that detects the
presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. She coats laboratory plates with cells
that possess the MHCI receptor as well as those that do not. Then, she coats the cells
with glycoprotein D (gD), known to initiate entry in many strains of herpes virus.
“If it does interact with the receptor, then it should stick to the cells that have MHCI and
not to the other ones,” she explains.
Fever, depression, watery nose, loss of appetite and swollen legs and abdomen are the
first symptoms to appear. As the disease spreads, some horses experience incontinence
and the inability to stand. Pregnant mares are very susceptible to the virus, which can
easily invade the sensitive endometrium surrounding a fetus and deprive the unborn foal
of oxygen resulting in a stillbirth or weak foal that dies within days of birth.
Spread by direct contact with nasal secretions of infected horses through shared feed,
water, buckets, blankets, tack and equipment or from the hands, boots or clothes of
handlers, the virus is triggered continually for the rest of the horse’s life. Recurrences
strike most commonly when the horse has a compromised immune system or is stressed
by excessive heat, long transport to race or show, or new stable or pasture mates.
With the number of cases increasing dramatically in recent years and the racing industry
holding its breath, scientists like UNCW virologist Art Frampton are working
tirelessly to develop an anti-viral drug. Previously developed vaccines created to
prevent the infection have proved weak and short-lasting.
Frampton’s approach is novel and two fold: provide appropriate surveillance measures
to detect an outbreak of EHV-1 in a horse stable or farm, and, if EHV-1 is confirmed,
administer an anti-viral drug to limit the spread of the virus. While the current anti-viral
drugs won’t prevent infection, they will stop the spread of the disease through the
equine body.
Blocking the Virus
In developing their research, Frampton and his laboratory team have a superior
advantage at UNCW. At their fingertips are unique compounds from marine microalgae
and cyanobacteria, isolated and purified by UNCW Center for Marine Science (CMS)
chemists. Available to all UNCW faculty and members of the outside scientific
community through collaborative studies and interactions,this collection contains
thousands of compounds isolated from photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic marine
organisms.
“What we have here is a library of organisms that have never been examined by
anybody in detail in terms of chemical constituents and their biological properties,” says
Carl B. Brown Distinguished Professor of Marine Science Jeffrey Wright, a bioorganic
chemist at CMS.
Thanks to this one-of-a-kind collaboration and resource opportunity, Frampton received
480 chemical fractions - compound mixtures - from CMS researchers that he and his
undergraduate students tested for their potential effectiveness in blocking the life cycle
of EHV-1. Of these, one was found to be the best compound because it blocks virus
replication while remaining non-toxic to the cell. Frampton and his students will
continue to study this compound on a basic cellular level to determine how it blocks the
virus.
According to Wright, this novel compound is produced by a photosynthetic
dinoflagellate, a type of microalgae found in the ocean. Though some dinoflagellate
species are toxic, other types produce non-toxic compounds, which may be beneficial
for treating disease.
This discovery is just one example of several notable bioactive compounds found in
Wright’s lab, including potential antibacterial and anticancer agents.
“If we can generate drug-resistant viruses, we might be able to go in and sequence those
and see where the mutations in the virus are occurring. That might clue us into where
and how the drug is acting,” Frampton says.
If this marine compound works, it could stop EHV-1 from spreading past the respiratory
tract into an infected horse’s neurological or reproductive system, where it can do much
more damage.
Human Applications: Fighting Cancer
Frampton’s EHV-1 research could have another use: cancer treatment. The human
herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been shown to kill human cancer cells, but serious
complications, like encephalitis - a swelling of the brain - remain a concern. Frampton’s
hypothesis is that EHV-1, if used as a localized treatment in surgery, could kill human
brain tumor cells with few side effects. His research shows that in tissue culture, EHV-1
can efficiently infect, replicate in and lyse, or kill, human brain tumor cells.
“We are genetically engineering the virus so that it only latches onto and infects the
tumor cells while sparing the normal brain tissue,” Frampton says.
Currently funded by the Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation, Frampton is
seeking further funding to expand his EHV-1 study into the realm of cancer research.
This ongoing EHV-1 research project has provided opportunities for more than 24
undergraduates - honors and directed independent study students - to participate in
world-class viral research. Undergraduates are intimately involved in every aspect of the
EHV-1 projects, from experimental design, running assays, collecting and analyzing
data to co-authoring results for publication in scientific journals.
Directed independent study students Brian Kurtz ’10 and Sean Kelly ’10 serve as first
and third authors and graduate student Lauren Singletary (see sidebar) as second
author of an article describing how the novel entry receptor MHCI was discovered. The
article, “Equus caballus Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I is an Entry
Receptor for Equine Herpesvirus Type 1,” was published in the Journal of Virology 84
(Sept. 2010): 9027-9034.
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4 - BioAlgas/health &Nutrition – 2
http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/natural-algae-astaxanthin-association-
formed/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndu
stryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29
Natural Algae Astaxanthin Association
formed
January 9, 2014
AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com
Located in Israel’s Arava desert, NAXA founding partner Algatechnologies produces
astaxanthin in an innovative process, and markets its AstaPure™ brand to the nutrition,
food & beverages and cosmetics industries.
atural Algae Astaxanthin manufacturers Fuji Chemical Industry Co Ltd.,
Algatechnologies Ltd. and Cyanotech Corporation have announced that they will form
the “Natural Algae Astaxanthin Association” (NAXA), a trade organization dedicated to
educating the public and dietary supplement industry about the health benefits of
Natural Astaxanthin and the major differences between sources.
The three founding members will welcome other algae-based astaxanthin producers to
the Association in the near future.
“With the recent introduction of Synthetic Astaxanthin made from petrochemicals
(which is being marketed as ‘Nature Identical’), it has become very important for the
astaxanthin producers who have developed the market over the last decade to point out
how different the various sources are,” said Oran Ayalon, PhD, Director of R&D at
Algatechnologies. “There are tremendous differences in terms of effectiveness between
the different sources.”
Mr. Kazuyuki Miyakawa, Chief Scientific Advisor to Fuji added. “A new research
article published last month in NutraFoods, a peer-reviewed technical journal, points out
that in different antioxidant tests at a prominent US-based university and a leading
independent laboratory specializing in antioxidant testing, Natural Algae Astaxanthin
proved to be a minimum of 20X to over 50X stronger as an antioxidant than Synthetic
Astaxanthin.
“This leads to critical concerns in regards to effectiveness for the synthetic version,
particularly since no human health benefits have been established on Synthetic
Astaxanthin. If Synthetic Astaxanthin has only 2% – 5% of the antioxidant power of
Natural Algae Astaxanthin, how can it possibly work as well for heart health, brain
health, joint health, skin health, and the other areas in which we have established solid
evidence from human clinical trials on Natural Algae Astaxanthin?”
“The animal feed industry has used Synthetic Astaxanthin for many years as an artificial
color, mostly to pigment the flesh of salmon,” said Gerald Cysewski, PhD, Founder &
Chief Scientific Officer of Cyanotech. “They’ve done safety testing in animals, but we
have not found any evidence in the literature of safety testing in direct human use. This
is a grave concern, particularly when we think about the health issues that surfaced with
the use in humans of other synthetic carotenoids such as beta carotene and
canthaxanthin.”
The Natural Algae Astaxanthin Association will work to educate consumers and the
trade about the many clinically validated health benefits of Natural Algae Astaxanthin,
and will continue to research and publish on the differences between the natural form
and its distant synthetic cousin.
“There are three vital differences between Natural Algae Astaxanthin and Synthetic
Astaxanthin that make them completely different molecules,” said Dr. Ayalon.
“Number 1, they’re shaped differently. Synthetic contains forms that are unnatural and
may be unsafe; number 2, the natural form comes naturally complexed with supporting
and stabilizing algal esters and other carotenoids, and number 3, chemical synthesis
used to produce synthetic astaxanthin may result in residual reagents and solvents. It’s
absolutely amazing that Synthetic Astaxanthin made in a laboratory from
petrochemicals can be called ‘Nature Identical.’”
Vincent Wood, GM International sales & marketing of Fuji Chemical Industry, said:
“Each company faces different challenges in each market, yet we also share common
goals. This organization can be the platform where the scientific and regulatory needs of
algae astaxanthin can be addressed effectively.”
5 - Bioalgas/Health&Nutrition -3
http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-medical-solutions-part-10/
Algae’s role in the gluten-free movement
October 20, 2013
AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com
s more people discover the substantial health benefits of a gluten-free diet,
more food companies will replace wheat and other gluten-food grains with gluten-free
algae flour and algae oils. Algae food products also give consumers access to healthier
foods that are free of GMO material, pesticide residues and allergens.
“Gluten free” represents one of the fastest growing health food categories because many
people have gluten sensitivity, allergy or intolerance, which is known as celiac disease.
Americans spent more than $4 billion on gluten-free foods in 2012, according to the
American Celiac Disease Alliance. A 2013 report from MarketsandMarkets estimates
the gluten-free product category is growing in excess of 20% a year and predicts the
international market will reach $6.2 billion by 2018. North America holds about a 59%
share in the global market.
Gluten-free bakery and confectionery products represent 46% of total gluten-free
products volume share, followed by gluten-free snacks at 20%. The highest
consumption of gluten-free products in the global market is through conventional sales
channels. Hain Celestial, Inc., General Mills, Inc., Amy’s Kitchen, Inc. and Boulder
Brands are some of the top companies in the gluten-free foods market.
New Gluten-Free Products – Pastry, Nut-Thins and Pizza
Gluten
Gluten is a protein composite found in foods processed from wheat and other food
grains such as barley, rye and triticale. Gluten gives dough elasticity, which helps wheat
products such as bread rise and hold their shape. Gluten also adds a chewy texture to
grain products.
Pure Gluten and Gluten in Raw Dough
The FDA announced on July 2013 that products labeled ‘‘gluten free’’ still would not
have to be 100% free of wheat, rye, barley and their derivatives. The gluten free label
will mean the products contain less than 20 parts per million, (PPM) of gluten. The 20-
PPM threshold is generally recognized by the medical community to be low enough so
that most people who have celiac disease won’t get sick if they eat it. The FDA standard
will also ensure that companies cannot label products gluten-free if they are cross-
contaminated from other products made in the same manufacturing facility.
People who suffer from celiac disease do not absorb nutrients effectively. The gluten
found in wheat and other cereal grains makes them sick. Celiac disease affects about 3
million Americans but a far larger set of consumers experience disease symptoms
without the diagnosis. People with celiac disease suffer from abdominal pain, bloating
and diarrhea. The disease also can cause weight loss, fatigue, rashes and a broad set of
long-term medical problems.
Celiac is a diagnosed illness that is more severe than gluten sensitivity, which some
people self-diagnose. Gluten intolerance is often accompanied by wheat intolerance and
leads to stomach pain and inflammatory skin conditions such as dermatitis
herpetiformis. Wheat must be labeled on food packages but barley and rye are often
hidden ingredients in food. The FDA labels will end the eating “Russian roulette” for
people who have celiac.
Gluten Molecules
Gluten-free health
Many people try to avoid gluten because they feel better and their health improves on a
gluten-free diet. Health food advocates note that people on a gluten-free diet often have
health problems, typically associated with stomach pain or inflammation, when gluten is
eaten.
Gluten-free diets have become popular to avoid a spectrum of health problems. One
longitudinal study found that celiac disease is about four times as common today as it
was in 1950. People are adopting gluten-free diets to treat celiac disease-like symptoms
in the absence of a positive test for the disease. Some health advocates have claimed
gluten-free diets moderate autism in children, but scientific studies have not supported
autism claims.
Most people had never heard of celiac disease ten years ago. Social media and
especially the healthy living sites have exploded awareness about celiac and an umbrella
of related maladies. Medical experts believe digestion and inflammation problems are
expanding because consumers are eating more processed gluten-rich products like
pastas, pizzas and baked goods than in past decades.
Most the major food companies have introduced new gluten-free products due to rising
consumer demand. Oscar Mayer recently announced a new line of gluten-free hotdogs
and wieners. Walmart has recently introduced a section of gluten-free foods. The new
Gluten-Free Resource Directory offers a search feature, which gives consumers a quick
way to find companies that provide products meeting the consumer’s specific
requirements.
New Gluten-Free Products from General Mills, Nabisco and General Foods
Algae to the rescue
Currently gluten-free diets depend on several grain and starch sources, including corn,
potatoes, rice, quinoa and tapioca. Various types of bean, soybean, pea and nut flours
are often used in gluten-free products to add protein. Algae flour offers three times the
protein of corn or rice.
Last year, over 90% of soy and corn plantings employed genetically engineered seeds.
While many consumers prefer foods without GMO material, Monsanto spent millions to
defeat the GMO labeling initiative in California in 2012, where it is practically
ubiquitous in wheat, soy and corn products.
Chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides have been linked to ADHD, autism, cancer, Lou
Gehrig’s disease and other illnesses. Recent medical research includes three
independent studies in Environmental Health Perspectives, which show that children
exposed to pesticides in the womb are more likely to have measurable problems with
intelligence, memory, and attention, beginning at 12 months and continuing through
early childhood. These studies link prenatal pesticide exposure (measured in the urine of
mothers-to-be) to significantly lower IQ in children by age 9. The research teams, from
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public
Health and the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley, all
conclude that pesticide exposure during pregnancy could negatively affect brain
development.
No allergens
Fortunately, algae can be grown without the use of chemical fertilizer or pesticides.
Therefore, algae-based foods have no pesticide residues.
Many people, especially young children, suffer from food allergens such as peanuts. An
allergic response to peanuts usually occurs within minutes after exposure. Symptoms
range from mild to severe and include:
Skin reactions, such as hives, redness or swelling
Itching or tingling in or around the mouth and throat
Digestive problems, such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea or vomiting
Tightening of the throat, shortness of breath or wheezing and runny nose
A 13-year-old with a peanut allergy died in July 2013 at a popular summer camp in
Sacramento after taking a bite of a Rice Krispies treat containing peanuts.
A person with milk allergy may react to one of dozens of the proteins in milk. The most
common protein allergen is alpha S1-casein. Other people react to specific proteins in
eggs, walnuts or shellfish. Food allergies cause symptoms similar to peanut allergy,
such as skin rash, hives, vomiting, and gastric distress such as diarrhea, constipation,
rhinitis, stomach pain or flatulence.
Algae are lower on the food chain and generally do not set off food allergies. Blue-
green algae activate the immune system. By increasing the immune system, blue-green
algae may decrease the effectiveness of medications that decrease the immune system.
Algae offer Food Products with No GMO, No Pesticide Residue and No Allergens
Algae fiber
Food processors currently use soybean, nuts and flax in gluten-free products to add
dietary fiber. Food producers will soon take advantage of the plentiful soluble dietary
fibers in algae, which are several times higher than the highest current food source, flax.
The dietary problem with flax is soluble fiber. Flax contains about 25 percent soluble
fiber and 75 percent insoluble fiber. The total fiber content of several algae species, (~6
g/100g), is greater than that of fruits and vegetables promoted today for their fiber
content: prunes (2.4 g), cabbage (2.9 g), apples (2.0 g), and brown rice (3.8 g).
Stabilizers and thickeners
Gluten-free dieters must avoid distilled spirits that are fermented from wheat, rye and
barley products, including beer. Algae have been used successfully in regular and gluten
beer as a clarifier. The Handbook of Brewing recommends the time-tested method of
clarifying beer and ales with Irish moss carrageen found in abundance in several a
species of red algae.
Food companies use gluten in unexpected ways such as for a stabilizing agent or
thickener in ice-cream and ketchup. Algae compounds including agar-agar and
carrageen are commonly used in the food industry as gelling, emulsifying, and
stabilizing agents. Algae agar-agar, alginates and carrageen offer excellent substitutes
for gluten in food processing.
Medicines and cosmeceuticals
Gluten-free dieters often find gluten among the ingredients in over-the-counter or
prescription medications and vitamins. Gluten-free labeling requirements will cause
medicine and vitamin producers to use non-gluten algae compounds and substitutes.
Many synthetic pigments used for coloring medications contain gluten. Natural algae
pigments give brighter color and contain no gluten. Unlike synthetic pigments, algae
pigments are nutritious.
Cosmetics such as lipstick, lip balms and lip-gloss often contain gluten to give pliability
and avoid drying. Alginates from algae can provide a non-gluten substitute for the
gluten compounds in modern foods. Alginates are currently used in many lipsticks and
skin creams because they penetrate the skin better than gluten products. Algae have the
advantage of being tiny. Algae-based compounds can pass through the dermis layers
better than gluten.
The FDA labeling requirement for gluten-free foods provides a great opportunity for the
algae industry. Gluten-free labels are likely to change shopping behavior for many
consumers who will be able to choose healthier, tastier and more nutritious algae-based
gluten-free foods. Gluten-free labels will inspire food companies to add more labels that
show foods to be free of GMO material, pesticide residue and allergens. Old and new
food products will change to gluten-free where algae compounds hold competitive
advantage over gluten with substantial health and nutritional benefits.
6 - Bioalgas/Health&Nutrition -4
http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-medical-solutions-part-11/
Proposed health labels for algae-based
foods
November 10, 2013
AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com
he FDA announced in July 2013 new label regulations for ‘‘gluten free’’ foods.
The label “gluten free” essentially means mostly free of wheat, rye, barley and their
derivatives. Most consumers are concerned about food attributes that go far beyond
gluten.
Gluten free labels
What if the FDA proposed labels for algae-based foods? Since the FDA has been
extremely slow at examining foods made from algae, it might be wise to propose a
label. How might labels brand algae-based foods?
Food choices
People make choices about others by how they dress. Some assess the quality of books
by their cover. Food labels help people make smart food choices. Food concerns are
identified and described in detail at www.Nutrition.gov. The site uses the tag line
“Smart nutrition starts here.”
The National Library of Medicine manages an excellent searchable database that
provides access to a wide range of consumer-friendly health information including fact
sheets, journal articles, and news items. The site also includes a medical encyclopedia.
Heart health and blood pressure. Consumers want information on how
to reduce risk for heart disease, including ideas for reducing fat in the
diet, lowering cholesterol, and lowering inflammation. Consumers also
want food compounds that help control hypertension (high blood
pressure).
Obesity and diabetes. The CDC reports that 68% of U.S. adults age 20
years and older are overweight or obese. Consumers want information
on how to reduce risk for obesity and what food compounds may help
them lose weight with a healthy diet. People want food labels that help
avoid the risk of developing diabetes and for diabetics, managing the
disease with a healthy diet.
Brain, eyes and skin. Consumers want to know what food compounds
may help their ability to think and see clearly. People want food labels
that promote healthy skin, since skin is the largest body organ. Ideally,
the cosmeceuticals that benefit skin and hair would also minimize or
soften wrinkles.
Food allergies and intolerances. The CDC reports that 4% to 6% of U.S.
children under age 18 have food allergies. The journal JAMA Pediatrics
estimates the economic cost of food allergies is $25 billion per year, or
about $4,184 per child. Peanuts, wheat, milk, and eggs are some of the
most common food allergies. People are concerned about food
sensitivities, as well as celiac disease and lactose intolerance.
Digestive disorders and bone health. Consumers want to avoid a variety
of diseases and problems in the digestive system including constipation,
celiac disease, gallstones, heartburn, lactose intolerance, ulcers, and
more. Consumers want to avoid osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and
other bone and joint diseases.
Cancer. Consumers want to avoid cancer and conditions such as obesity
that increase the risk of cancer. Consumers would like to know about
foods that contain strong antioxidants, phytochemicals and omega-3
fatty acids that appear to reduce the risk of cancer.
Pesticide residue. The Environmental Working Group publishes an
annual list of the dirtiest and cleanest produce in terms of pesticide
residue. Most produce has some agricultural poisons. Several recent
studies report that even low levels of pesticide ingestion are associated
with increased risk for organ damage, cancer, neurological and brain
impairment, reproductive and child developmental effects and intrusion
with the human hormone system.
Nutralence. Many modern foods suffer from hidden hunger. The fruit or
vegetable looks good but contains empty calories. The consumer gets
very few nutrients per bite, which leads to obesity. Consumers want
information about nutralence – nutrients in the produce, bioavailability
of nutrients and nutrient density.
Hunger pangs. Many high calorie and high sugar snack foods and drinks
interfere with the brain’s ability to assess stomach fullness.
Consequently, people get a nosh feeling and continue to eat. Consumers
want information on foods that quell hunger pangs and the desire to
nosh.
Dietary fiber. Fibers act by changing the nature of the gastrointestinal
tract, which changes how other nutrients and chemicals are absorbed.
Dietary fibers play an important roll in digestion, nutritional
bioavailability and bowel health.
Non-GMO. Over 90% of corn and soy flour in the U.S. comes from
genetically modified seeds. Monsanto spends millions every year
fighting to prevent GMO labels on food. Consumers have a right to know
not only whether a food has been genetically engineered but also what
traits were changed from the natural seed. The public has a right to any
related medical research on GMO health and safety to people, animals
and the environment.
Phytonutrients. Phytochemicals are chemicals found in plants that
protect plants against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They may act as
antioxidants or nutrient protectors, or prevent carcinogens (cancer
causing agents) from forming. Bright colored vegetables and fruits have
the highest levels of phytonutrients among land-based plants.
New food labels need to integrate considerable information. A label that covered these
attributes may not fit a food product. New iPhone and android phone apps will enable
consumers to read a UPC label to look up a more readable label that covers these and
other food attributes.
Please note that the label attributes and thresholds have not been vetted scientifically.
Most of these claims are conservative based on published research.
New algae food labels
One way to create new food labels is to compare algae-based foods with food grains
such as corn, wheat, soybean, rice or barley. Assume the algae food offers the
compounds described by Solazyme Roquette Nutritionals in their Almagine HL Whole
Algalin Flour.
Heart health and blood pressure.
10x more healthy omega-3 fatty acids.
50x more powerful antioxidants for heart and
blood health.
85% less cholesterol.
Obesity and diabetes.
80% fewer calories per bite.
Slows release of sugar to the bloodstream.
Moderates diabetes symptoms.
Brain, eyes and skin.
50x more powerful antioxidants improve brain
function.
Astaxanthin delivers antioxidants across the brain
barrier.
10x vitamin A and D for eye and skin health.
Astaxanthin and omega-3s improves skin
plasticity.
Food allergies and intolerances.
100% fewer allergens; no known allergens.
100% fewer nut allergens and no gluten.
100% fewer dairy allergens and no lactose.
Digestive disorders and bone health.
Probiotic that improves gut flora.
Moderates Inflammatory bowel disease; irritable
bowel syndrome.
50% higher vitamin D for bone health.
Cancer.
50x more powerful antioxidants to scavenge free
radicals.
100x more astaxanthin that fights several forms of
cancer.
May include specific peptides that can directly
target cancer cells without affecting normal cells,
targeted therapy.
Pesticide residue.
100% less pesticide residue; no pesticides used in
production.
100% less herbicide residue; no herbicides used in
production.
100% agricultural chemicals and poisons.
Nutralence
3 to 100x more micronutrients available.
3 to 5x higher nutrient bioavailability,
(absorbability).
3 to 10x higher nutrient density.
2x higher protein.
Hunger pangs.
Moderates sugar release to the blood stream.
Expands in the stomach to create satiety.
Creates a feeling of fullness and diminishes desire
to nosh.
Dietary fiber.
20x more dietary fiber than food grains such as
corn.
8x more dietary fiber than flax.
Healthy fiber supports digestion and bowl health.
Non-GMO.
No genetically engineered material.
No genetically modified food compounds.
Supports biodiversity with 10 million algae
species.
Phytonutrients.
20x more allicin, anthocyanin, bioflavonoids and
flavonoids.
30x more carotenoids and antioxidants.
20x more indoles, isoflavones, lignin, lutein,
lycopene, and phenolic.
Why these health benefits?
These substantial health benefits are a gift from nature. Land plants evolved from algae
500 million years ago and benefited from all these compounds. Land-based natural
stands of grasses, fruits and vegetables supported human ancestors and wild animals for
eons. Land plants lost many of their nutritional benefits in three stages.
Stage one forced land plants to survive in terrestrial settings. Land-based crops had to
put energy into roots, stems, leaves, circulatory systems and elegant reproductive
organs. All these features took considerable energy. These critical features for survival
on land depleted the rich stores of phytonutrients, protein and lipids found in the plants’
ancestors – algae.
Algae waste no energy on those superfluous features. Algae are single-celled plants that
thrive in moist or wet environments. Algae have no need for land plant features and put
all their energy into storing high levels of healthy compounds.
Stage two began about 100,000 years ago when humans began early agriculture.
Farmers began to save seeds based on yield, hardiness, growth speed, taste, texture, size
and aroma. This spurred the evolution of more attractive foods. Many centuries later,
farmers cross-fertilized plants to create hybrids that maximized the same set of
dimensions. Unfortunately, both seed saving and hybridization improved yields at
substantial cost to nutrition.
Three stages that diminished food crop nutrition
Stage three began in 1998 when the first GMO seeds were planted and sold as food.
GMO seeds to date emphasize immunity from specific herbicides and yields but further
degrade nutrition. Since nearly all processed foods containing corn or soy are GMO,
these products are even less nutritious than their natural cousins.
Algae food labels
Algae are eaten by at least 100 more hungry consumers than any other food on earth.
Algae lie at the bottom of the food chain and nearly every higher-level plant or animal
consumes algae directly or indirectly in algae feeders. The largest animal on earth, the
great blue whale eats both algae and the voracious algae feeders, krill. All the plants and
animals on earth have benefited from algae’s superior nutrition and taste.
One of the most common reactions people have to algae-based foods is the “yuck
factor.” People cannot imagine eating algae because they attribute negative sensory
factors. Food labels do not address taste, color, aroma, texture, or mouth appeal. Those
must be addressed separately. Fortunately, social media such as Yelp, Epicurious, and
Gourmet sites will quickly resolve those issues.
Nutrition labels for algae-based foods predictably will go through an iterative process of
claims that must be proven by scientific testing. Fortunately, much of the testing has or
is being done currently for high-value animal feeds.
As algae foods enter the market, food labels will share the extraordinary health benefits
that algae has offered to its many hunger consumers for eons.
New food labels need to incorporate environmental issues into the food mix. The next
post examines what environmental factors may be emphasized on food labels.
7 - Bioalgas/environment 1
http://www.deseagrant.org/news/two-one-algae-species-explored-both-biofuel-source-and-
pollution-control
Two in one: Algae species explored for
both biofuel source and pollution control
The tiny, plant-like Heterosigma akashiwo is too small to see with the naked eye, but
the microscopic algae may pack a big environmental punch. UD researchers are
studying whether the species can neutralize harmful smokestack emissions – and also
serve as a source of eco-friendly biofuel.
The project is an outgrowth of biochemist Kathryn Coyne’s study into the ecology of H.
akashiwo, which thrives in Delaware and worldwide. Coyne and her postdoctoral
fellow, Jennifer Stewart, found that the algae contain a special enzyme with the unusual
ability to detoxify nitric oxide, one of multiple contaminants released through industrial
chimneys as flue gas.
Based on the discovery of that enzyme, Coyne and Stewart decided to explore the
possibility of recruiting the algae for pollution control. They knew that other scientists
were trying to use different types of algae to reduce emissions of another flue gas
component, carbon dioxide, since algae need carbon dioxide to grow.
“The problem with those attempts was that the nitric oxide also present in flue gas
usually killed the algae,” Coyne said. “It’s very harmful.”
That’s where H. akashiwo’s special enzyme may come in handy. The protein may
enable the algae to convert harmful nitric oxide into innocuous nitrate, while the algae
are also metabolizing carbon dioxide.
In addition to having pollution-fighting potential, H. akashiwo is a proven source of
biofuel. Rising petroleum prices and finite quantities of fossil fuels are prompting
demand for renewable energy sources, and algae-derived biofuel is already powering
some trains, jets and other machines.
Adding nitrogen is an important but costly step in the process of making biofuel. H.
akashiwo’s ability to use nitric oxide from flue gas essentially eliminates that step.
Coyne’s project is still in the early stages, having only recently received funding from
Delaware Sea Grant. Before investigating commercial applications, Coyne will need to
examine the long-term effects of flue gas on the algae’s physiology. She will also
evaluate how well H. akashiwo uses nitric oxide as a nitrogen source and how light
intensities affect its production of the lipids and fatty acids used to make biofuel.
Yet the potential upsides could be great. Existing methods of cleaning factory gas
before it is released into the air are labor-intensive and costly, so algae pose a natural
and potentially cheaper alternative. They also contain a high proportion of the fats
needed to make biofuel.
“Algal biofuels are great values,” Coyne said. “Compared to crops like corn and
soybeans, the same mass of algae can produce greater quantities of biofuel.”
- See more at: http://www.deseagrant.org/news/two-one-algae-species-explored-both-
biofuel-source-and-pollution-control#sthash.vfDk98Lv.dpuf
8 - Bioalgas/environment 2.
Can AB32 Help Save the Amazon?
December 7, 2011
AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com
ith global warming accords in disarray, the European Union (EU),
individual nations, and now California are taking decisive action. Even the most local of
initiatives, however, impacts the rest of the world. California, for example, could help
save the Amazon forest, the world’s largest carbon sink. And algae’s role could be
decisive.
California’s AB 32, or Global Warming Solutions Act, calls for the state to become “a
national and international leader on energy conservation and environmental stewardship
efforts…” Five years after Governor Schwarzenegger and the California legislature
passed AB 32, and two years to the day after California’s Air Resources Board (ARB)
put forward its comprehensive implementation plan, emission limits, or “caps”, take
effect this January 1, 2012. By 2020, total emissions must be reduced to 1990 levels.
The limits are supported through California’s cap and trade market, which will soon
become the world’s second largest, after the EU. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emitters who
exceed designated caps must purchase “offsets” from GHG producers who manage to
come in under their caps. Because it will take some years for emitters to meet AB32
standards, excessive emitters can purchase four kinds of GHG offsets: for developing
forests, capturing methane gas from commercial animals, and reducing ozone-depleting
chemicals.
These four programs cannot possibly provide enough offsets to balance out these over-
cap emissions. AB32 therefore authorizes offsets from “international partners”: foreign
nations, states and provinces. The most GHG absorption, for the least possible
investment, comes from forest preservation and restoration. Only oceans and soil absorb
more GHG, but they are not amenable to direct intervention. Worse, global warming
reduces oceans’ and soil’s ability to absorb GHGs. Foreign forests are the best bet, and
California has already signed memoranda of agreement with Chiapas, Mexico, and
Acre, Brazil.
Brazil
In an effort to truly lead the world in reducing emissions, AB32 authorizes California’s
excess emitters to invest in developing nations’ efforts to reverse deforestation.
In an insightful November 3 interview with E&E News, Elizabeth Zelljadt described
how such international cooperation might work. California emitters will look for the
most HGH capture for the lowest possible cost. Deforestation control offers the best
HGH reduction for the lowest cost; and Brazil is the epicenter of forest preservation.
Brazil’s commitment to countering deforestation is real, and has already resulted in
significant reductions. But these efforts are running up against its ambition to become
the world’s biofuel leader in sugar-based ethanol, a goal ironically aimed at reducing
petroleum GHG emissions.
Brazil and the United States account for 88% of the world’s ethanol, and Brazil has
committed to invest another $22B in the industry. On top of it, mechanized mass cane
production displaces the farmers Brazil hopes to preserve, and using cane for fuel
exacerbate global food price increases, already a crisis in Brazil as in Africa and Asia.
Finally, sugar cane production means deforestation.
Algae provide not only a way out for Brazil, but the basis for a national strategy for
energy, environment and employment.
Energy
With appropriate, energy-conscious technology, algae can first supplement, and
eventually replace sugar cane as a biofuel feedstock.
Initially, algae can absorb the CO2 outputs from ethanol production. A high-starch
algae can be turned into ethanol right on the spot, which means it can eventually replace
the corn or wheat being used as the raw material.
That’s why Manildra, the largest Australian ethanol producer, signed with a local algae
producer to demonstrate ethanol production from algae at Manildra’s largest ethanol
plant. A full scale module is scheduled for startup by the end of Q1, 2012.
As reported in the trade paper Automotive Industries, “Manildra is moving ahead with
the Algae.Tec system for two primary reasons. One is to eliminate use of food
commodities (now primarily wheat) as raw material for making ethanol. The second is
the Algae.Tec system’s productive use of CO2 which is otherwise a waste liability of
Manildra plant operations. Australia is reportedly planning to impose taxes on CO2
released to atmosphere.”
Replacing petroleum oil with algae fuels reduces energy in three ways. Most obviously,
it produces a green fuel to replace coal, oil and natural gas. In cultivation and
production, the carbon sink created by algae production absorbs, or captures, the
greenhouse gasses carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. And it reduces the incentive to
deforest the Amazon for cane sugar production and petroleum oil reserves.
Environment
Algae fuel production not only displaces carbon-intensive cane production, and
preserves forest by reducing the demand and need for sugar cane. Like the forests they
help preserve, algae cultivation also absorbs GHG and generates oxygen.
Finally, algae can absorb all kinds of waste and toxic materials, even radioactive
substances. This gives it a dual role: as a green fuel, but also as a way to reduce the
impact of man-made pollution.
Wastewater that is becoming an increasing environmental hazard in the upper Amazon
can be treated in algae cultivation. As an organic aquaculture food, it can stimulate
prospects for an inland aquaculture.
It’s a triple environmental win:
Reducing the deforestation caused by displacing sugar cane for ethanol,
Reducing GHG by cultivating algae itself, while generating oxygen,
And stimulating carbon-free, organic land cultivation, animal feed, and aquaculture.
Regulators and governments tend to look at problems and solutions in isolation, without
seeing the bigger picture. Only recently, for instance, have the by-products and
unintended consequences of ethanol production and use raised questions about its
isolated (and previously taken for granted) benefits. Now we know that ethanol from
food crops contributes to the global crises of high food cost and insufficient supply.
Employment
From the political perspective, it may all come down to jobs.
Unlike the super-mechanized petroleum and ethanol industries, algae cultivation is both
labor-intensive and adaptable to small-scale cultivation, harvesting, refining and
distribution.
And that doesn’t count building the infrastructure of algae ponds, refineries, and
distribution centers required for the new sustainable biofuels.
The great news is that the jobs won’t just be created in Brazil and other developing
countries, but right here in California, where much of the algae research and
development are taking place. San Diego, for example, has benefited from more than a
billion dollars in private and public sector algae investments.
Eventually, algae production itself will ramp up in California, producing jobs in
production, processing and distribution; and someday it could help address the greatest
challenge of all: all that choking smog.
9 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy - 1
http://advancedbiofuelsusa.info/utah-state-university-students-run-dragster-with-algal-fuel
Utah State University Students Run Dragster with Algal Fuel
Submitted by admin on August 26, 2013 – 11:47 amNo Comment
(Algae Industry Magazine) After a successful 2012 race season powered with yeast
biodiesel, the Aggie A-Salt Streamliner, as the dragster is officially known, topped 73
miles per hour this week during its algae-fueled debut. The roadster, with a .8 liter
engine, was among competitors at the Southern California Timing Association’s 65th
Anniversary Speed Week held Aug. 10-16, 2013, at Utah’s Bonneville Salt Flats.
Under glaring sun on the natural saltpan raceway located about 120 miles west of Salt
Lake City, the USU-built car set a new land-speed record Aug. 14 racing with USU-
crafted biodiesel distilled from algae grown in the university’s labs.
…
The car’s performance this week represents eight years of hard work by “a lot of
students,” says USU biochemist Alex McCurdy, a doctoral candidate in Seefeldt’s lab.
“It’s the culmination of efforts by plant scientists who grew the algae, biochemists who
refined the fuel, and mechanical engineers who built the car.”
Hefting a jar with 1.3 liters of golden fluid, McCurdy says it took about six pounds of
dried algae and several years of research to produce the ‘liquid sunlight.’ With support
from a U.S. Department of Energy grant, McCurdy, Seefeldt and undergraduate
biochemist Michael R. Morgan, driver of the race car, joined professor Bruce Bugbee
and his students in USU’s College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, as well as
professor Byard Wood and his students in USU’s College of Engineering, to streamline
the process.
…
Next up, the USU roadster is headed to Utah’s west desert to race again during the Utah
Salt Flats Racing Association.
10 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy - 2
http://algaetech.com.my/v1/bio-algae-fuel-2/
Bio-Algae Fuel
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY & IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPT
The process of producing Algaetech’s bio-algae diesel does not undergo any
transesterification which normally uses methanol derived from petroleum sources.
Producing palm biodiesel to meet EN14214 with -21C pour point requires the said
methyl ester to be fractionated twice and this process is very energy intensive and
costly. A revolutionary Algae Nano-Emulsion B20 Biofuel (for diesel, petrol, heavy
fuel and jet fuel) is taking the lead.
Algaetech has developed biofuel component which is 100% biodegradable, zero sulfur,
renewable, sustainable and green. Our nano-emulsion B20 Biofuels are derived from
Algae, the 3rd generation biofuel feedstock which is non-food and environmental-
friendly.
The base oil of our emulsified B20 Biofuels are processed Algae oil emulsified with
some components to yield a 100% biodegradable fuel component. It is later blended
into normal diesel toyield an emulsified diesel which can make biodiesel via
transesterification obsolete (neatbiodiesel from transesterification increase NOx and
with 10% lower energy content). We have formulated and synthesized a very stable
emulsion which have been demonstrated and tested with buses in Malaysia and
Singapore.
NANO-EMULSION
Nano‐emulsion Technology is a chemical process of blending fossil fuel, bio‐feedstock
and specific types of chemicals which in‐turn reacts and mix to form stable bonds with
each other.
POLARIZATION
Polarization Technology allows for alignment of positive and negative ions of elements
and this is achieved under high pressure and highly magnetic environment. This further
allows for the elements to form stable bonds with each other. This technological
breakthrough enables the production of new types of additives that when it is blended
with fossil fuels and other elements creates a stable mix of a 3rd generation renewable
fuels.
11 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy - 3
http://www.voanews.com/content/us-navy-presses-forward-with-biofuels/1365301.html
US Navy Presses Forward with Biofuels
US Navy Presses Forward with Biofuels
Luis Ramirez
July 09, 2012
PENTAGON — The U.S. Navy is going ahead with plans to convert much of its fleet to
expensive biofuels despite opposition from members of Congress who say it is the
wrong thing to do at a time when the U.S. military faces nearly $500 billion in budget
cuts.
Going green
The U.S. Navy has a special message this year at the Rim of the Pacific exercises
bringing together the navies of more than 20 nations off the Coast of Hawaii: It is time
to turn green.
Joining the vessels is what the U.S. Navy calls its Great Green Fleet of warships
powered by fuel from renewable sources like algae, grass, and animal fat.
Over the last few months, the navy has been showcasing how biofuels can transform the
military and eventually lead what Navy Secretary Ray Mabus hopes will be a transition
away from energy sources in unstable parts of the world.
“The main reason we are moving toward alternative energy in navy marine corps is to
make us better war fighters, is to reduce our vulnerability on imported fossil fuel," he
stated. "(To) Make sure we have energy security and energy independence in the United
States military, United States Navy."
Converting Navy's fleet, biofuels
The Obama administration wants half the Navy’s fleet to convert to biofuels by 2020
and become a major force in the development of the biofuels market - much in the same
way the military in the past has served as the developer of technologies such as GPS,
computers, and cell phones.
“The Air Force is aiming to get half of its domestic jet fuel from alternative sources by
2016. And I’m directing the Navy and the Department of Energy and Agriculture to
work with the private sector to create advanced biofuels that can power not just fighter
jets, but also trucks and commercial airliners,” said U.S. President Barack Obama.
Cost effective
But with each gallon of biofuel costing $26 compared to less than $4 that conventional
fuel does, there is plenty of opposition from members of Congress who say it is a waste
of money at a time when the Pentagon faces deep budget cuts.
“It’s going to be more expensive to get these biofuels and it doesn’t provide any
operational improvement," said David Kreutzer who is energy analyst at the Heritage
Foundation. "That is it’s not denser energy. It has to be drop in fuel. We could be
getting more fuel from domestic production much more cheaply instead of diverting
resources in the navy towards biofuels, we could use them for equipment and material
and personnel.”
Efforts to convert the Navy are well under way. The U.S.S. Makin Island, the Navy’s
first hybrid amphibious assault ship has just completed its maiden voyage.
The green message has also been carried by the Navy’s famous Blue Angels seen
demonstrating the power of biofuels at a recent air show.
With money in short supply at the military, biofuels - for now - may be only for show.
12 - BioAlgas/Technology – 1
http://www.news.iastate.edu/news/2013/06/28/algaeproduction
New ISU production facility delivers
made-to-order algae
Posted Jun 28, 2013 10:00 am
A greenhouse at the ISU BioCentury Research Farm houses new technology that
simplifies the cultivation of algae. Photo courtesy of the Center for Crops Utilization
Research.
AMES, Iowa – A new algae production facility at Iowa State University makes use of
an innovative design that’s attracting interest from other universities and private
industry.
The algal production facility, which was built inside a greenhouse on the BioCentury
Research Farm in rural Boone, went online in January and has been filling orders for
algae researchers ever since.
The facility contains a novel biofilm-based cultivation system designed by Martin
Gross, a graduate assistant in agricultural and biosystems engineering, and Zhiyou Wen,
an associate professor of food science and human nutrition.
The cultivation system allows for easy separation of algae from water, which is usually
an expensive and often time-consuming process requiring the use of a centrifuge or
other costly equipment. The new cultivation system at Iowa State sidesteps that process
by passing through the nutrient-rich water a cotton-based biofilm, which collects the
algae. After that, the algae are simply scraped off the cotton material. It’s a simpler,
more efficient way to cultivate algae, Wen said.
He said there are similar competing technologies at other institutions, but there are
differences that make the ISU technology unique. In fact, Wen and Gross are in the
process of getting the technology patented.
“We knew that harvesting the algae is the most expensive and time-consuming part of
the process, so we wanted to find a solution that was easier than traditional harvesting,”
Wen said.
The ISU facility features a pair of raceway ponds, or small pools of water in which a
weak current is constantly generated to keep the water moving. Gross described the
system as similar to a lazy river – an attraction at public pools and water parks that
features a shallow channel of water with a gentle current. One of the raceway ponds
requires the use of a centrifuge, while the other employs the new system designed by
Wen and Gross. The greenhouse also contains four, 200-liter flat panel bioreactors,
another popular algae cultivation technology.
The reasons to study algae, a diverse group of chiefly aquatic and photosynthetic
organisms, are nearly as varied as the organisms themselves. Scientists are exploring the
potential for algae to be used as a fertilizer, a source of biofuel and as a feed supplement
for production animals, just to name a few of the possibilities.
Such widespread application means there’s no shortage of interest in the new ISU
production facility. Gross said faculty members from disciplines across campus are
using algae produced in the greenhouse in their own research. Even private companies
are using algae produced at Iowa State.
Gross said the new facility surpasses the capacity of any means of algae production seen
on campus before. It’s capable of producing about 4.5 kilograms of algae per week, he
said.
“I had been involved with algae research at Iowa State for three years, and we had to
pass up several opportunities because we simply didn’t have a means of producing
enough algae,” he said. “The new facility allows for us to pursue those kinds of
opportunities on a larger scale.”
13 - BioAlgas/Technology – 2
http://www.arup.com/News/2013_03_March/22_March_Hamburg_debut_for_first_bio
_reactive_facade.aspx
World first bio-reactive – (microalgae)
façade debuts in Hamburg
The bioreactor façade at the BIQ house is in position and will be
showcased for the first time on 23 March at the opening of the
International Building Exhibition in Hamburg.
After that, the integrated algae-based system will be put into full operational mode at an
inauguration event for the media on 25 April.
The BIQ house will become the world’s first pilot project to showcase a bioreactive
façade at the International Building Exhibition (IBA) in Hamburg on 23 March. With
200m² of integrated photo-bioreactors, this passive-energy house generates biomass and
heat as renewable energy resources. At the same time, the system integrates additional
functionality such as dynamic shading, thermal insulation and noise abatement,
highlighting the full potential of this technology.
The microalgae used in the façades are cultivated in flat panel glass bioreactors
measuring 2.5m x 0.7m. In total, 129 bioreactors have been installed on the south west
and south east faces of the four-storey residential building. The heart of the system is
the fully automated energy management centre where solar thermal heat and algae are
harvested in a closed loop to be stored and used to generate hot water.
The innovative façade system is the result of three years of research and development
by Colt International based on a bio-reactor concept developed by SSC Ltd and design
work led by Arup. Funding support came from the German Government’s
"ZukunftBau" research initiative.
"Using bio-chemical processes in the façade of a building to create shade and energy is
a really innovative concept. It might well become a sustainable solution for energy
production in urban areas, so it is great to see it being tested in a real-life scenario."
—Jan Wurm, Arup’s Europe Research Leader
The system will be officially presented to the media on 25 April 2013 when the
biofaçade system goes into operation for the first time.
14 - BioAlgas/Technology – 3
http://fondationoceanvital.com/Avion-sans-empreinte-carbone-Eraole-R#
+ En juin 2015, la tentative de 1er vol transatlantique sans empreinte
carbone !
Avion sans empreinte carbone Eraole®
Annonce officielle le 18 juin 2013 sur le Salon du Bourget : dans la tradition des
Lindbergh, Mermoz, Rutan... Raphaël DINELLI tentera en 2015 le 1 er vol
transatlantique sans empreinte carbone aux commandes de l'Eraole ® : un avion
révolutionnaire pour un défi qui ne l'est pas moins !
Eraole ® constitue un concentré d'innovations et défis technologiques : la propulsion
électrique "zéro carbone" - hybride 25 % solaire / 75 % bioénergie - d'un avion type
biplan décalé, explorant les solutions de propulsion longue distance de demain.
Labellisé par les pôles de compétitivité EMC2 et Tennerdis , le projet Eraole ®
mobilise :
l'expertise de la Fondation Océan Vital, notamment en énergie solaire
(procédé breveté) et en composites
les études aérodynamiques de l' ONERA et d' ANDHEO
les compétences d'un groupe d'experts , personnes qualifiées et ingénieurs de la
Fondation Océan Vital
le partenariat de ténors institutionnels ( Aéro-Club de France , Région Pays de
la Loire ), de la recherche ( INES , ICAM ) et de la filière aéronautique (
ELECTRAVIA ...).
Au printemps 2015, dès que les meilleures conditions météo et de portance seront
réunies, Eraole ® décollera de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon et volera vers la France en
silence et sans émission de CO 2 : à la clé, un authentique exploit et une avancée
majeure pour une aviation du futur plus "verte" !
15 - BioAlgas/nutraceutical – 1
http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-tec-entering-nutraceutical-
market/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndus
tryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29
Algae.Tec entering nutraceutical market
December 17, 2013
AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com
Algae.Tec’s production facility Shoalhaven One, near Sydney, Australia
lgae.Tec has entered into an exclusive Collaborative Agreement with Nutrition
Care Laboratories, based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. “A decision has been made
to focus, in the short term, upon the growing of high quality, high value, nutraceuticals,
with an immediate focus on Chlorella and B-Carotene algae. Other nutraceutical algae
products will follow,” said Algae.Tec Chairman Roger Stroud.
This announcement comes in the wake of a Validation Report from Sydney
Environmental and Soil Laboratory Pty Ltd – a National Association of Testing
Authorities approved company – that confirmed the application and production
capability of the Algae.Tec system in an industrial setting. The report, according to
Stroud, said the algae yields achieved are of a sufficiently high level to justify the
establishment of a new dedicated algae production facility at Nowra, south of Sydney in
New South Wales.
To speed up the path to profitability, Algae.Tec has identified the nutraceuticals market
to be worth an estimated $205 billion by 2017 (according to market forecasters,
Transparency Market Research) as a significant opportunity that offers:
Relatively low capital establishment costs
Potential for high gross margins on revenue
Significant and growing market in Asia in particular
As part of this strategic opportunity, Algae.Tec has teamed with Nutrition Care, a
manufacturer and marketer of high value nutraceuticals for many of the best known
nutraceutical brands in Australia and internationally, with a focus on Asian markets in
particular.
Initial efforts for the companies will focus on Chlorella, which they agree is an
increasingly attractive high protein, nutritional food source, and is highly sought after in
Asia; and B-Carotene, which is in demand as a nutritional supplement for vision,
immunity and overall health.
Wholesale prices for the Chlorella and B-Carotene are currently $16,000 and up to
$90,000 per ton, respectively, according to Algae.TEC. A healthy gross margin on
revenue is anticipated as capital costs are expected to be in the vicinity of $7,000 per
ton.
Production of Chlorella, and B-Carotene, is expected by the companies to be 2,000 tons
in 2014, 4,000 tons in 2015, 8,000 tons in 2016, and 10,000 tons by 2017.
Algae.Tec has entered into a long-term lease at an industrial warehouse complex in
Nowra. This, they say, will facilitate a rapid start up of production. Sources of capital
are expected to be equity, tax rebates and internal cash flow.
16 - BioAlgas/Biodiesel - 1
http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/14626/1/BIODIESEL%20PRODUC
TION%20BY%20MICROALGAE%20AND%20MACROALGAE%20FROM%20NORTH
%20LITTORAL%20PORTUGUESE%20COAST.pdf
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY MICROALGAE AND MACROALGAE FROM
NORTH LITTORAL PORTUGUESE COAST.
J. Carvalho1, A. Ribeiro2, J.Castro3 C. Vilarinho4 , F. Castro5
1 CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization/CT2M, jcarvalho@cvresiduos.pt
2 CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization, aribeiro@cvresiduos.pt.
3 University of Minho, a50059@alunos.uminho.pt.
4 University of Minho/CT2M , candida@dem.uminho.pt.
5 University of Minho/CT2M, fcastro@dem.uminho.pt
ABSTRACT:
Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has many benefits. It is biodegradable, non toxic and
compared to petroleum based diesel, has a more favorable combustion emission profile, such
as low emissions of carbon monox ide, particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons. In brief,
these merits make biodiesel a good alternative to petroleum based fuel.
Biodiesel feedstocks derived from microalgae and macroalgae have emerged as one of the
most promising alternative sources o f lipid for use in biodiesel production because of their high
photosynthetic efficiency to produce biomass and their higher growth rates and productivity
compared to conventional crops. In addition to their fast reproduction, they are easier to
cultivate than many other types of plants and can produce a higher yield of oil for biodiesel
production.
In this work biodiesel was produced using the species of microalgae Chlorella emersonii and
Botrycoccus braunii due to its high oil content.
Biodiesel productions through macroalgae oil are in preliminary phase. Therefore, results and
methodology will not be present ed in this work.
Technological assessment of process was carried out to evaluate their technical benefits,
limitations and quality of final product.
In this work biodiesel from microalgae oil was produced by an alkali-catalyzed transesterification
and it was achieved 93% of mass conversion. The evaluation of quality from raw materials and
final biodiesel was performed according to standard EN 14214.
Results show that all parameters analyzed meet the standard and legislation requirements. This
evidence proves that in those operational conditions the biodiesel produced from microalgae
can substitute petroleum based diesel.
