CIENCIA DAS ALGAS MARINHAS

Índice:

1 – Bioalgas/bizz – 1 / 2;

2 - BioAlgas/health  – 1 / 2 / 3 / 4;

3 - Bioalgas/environment  - 1 / 2

4 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy  - 1 / 2 / 3

5 – BioAlgas/Technology – 1 / 2 / 3

6 – BioAlgas/nutraceutical – 1

7 – BioAlgas/Biodiesel - 1

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1 - Bioalgas/bizz – 1

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/01/14/business/ihi-biotech-unit-succeeds-in-cutting-

cost-of-growing-oil-producing-algae/#.UtbChfvhS3x

IHI biotech unit succeeds in cutting cost

of growing oil-producing algae

Biofuel research firm IHI NeoG Algae LLC, a unit of major heavy machinery maker

IHI Corp., has succeeded in cutting the cost of producing oil from algae, an alternative

to crude oil-based fuel.

Working at a 100-sq.-meter outdoor location, the company was able to cut the cost from

about ¥1,000 to about ¥500 per liter partly thanks to breed improvement.

The oil, called Mobura, can be used as jet fuel and materials for plastic bottles and

cosmetics, Kawasaki-based IHI NeoG said.

The company hopes to further reduce the per-liter Mobura production cost to below

¥100, the price of refining crude oil, through further breed improvement and

automation, with the aim of putting the new biofuel into practical use by 2020.

The IHI unit, established in 2011, is partly owned by Gene & Gene Technology, a

biotechnology startup in Suita, Osaka Prefecture, and the Kawasaki-based Neo-Morgan

Laboratory.

The alga was developed by the Meo-Morgan Laboratory based on a fast-breeding

species discovered by Gene & Gene Technology. The algae are being grown at a pond

using IHI’s plant technology.

IHI NeoG hopes to grow the algae near thermal power stations in the future so that they

can absorb carbon dioxide emitted from the plants, to help curb global warming,

company officials said.

2 - Bioalgas/Bizz – 2

Lammers to head up $5 million algae

consortium

Algae research at New Mexico State University

he U.S. Department of Energy has awarded a $5 million grant to improve algae-

based fuel that is compatible with existing refineries to a multi-institutional team led by

New Mexico State University. Peter Lammers, director of the NMSU Algal Bioenergy

team, will be the principal investigator of the project, entitled “Realization of Algae

Potential” (REAP).

Lammers will coordinate efforts at partner institutions that include Los Alamos,

Argonne and Pacific Northwest national laboratories; Washington State and Michigan

State universities and four companies, Phycal, Algenol Biofuels, Pan Pacific

Technologies and UOP-Honeywell.

 Key goals of the 2.5-year project are to improve

the yields and stability of algal biomass and cultivation systems while also improving

oil content at harvest.

Peter Lammers directs the NMSU Algal Bioenergy team

Each of the necessary process elements, or unit operations, required to produce drop-in

fuels from algal biomass are targets for improvements by various team members. Strain

improvement work will be conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Michigan

State University and Phycal; cultivation simulation and validation work will be

conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and NMSU respectively; while

bio-crude extraction methods are being developed at Washington State University.

Quantitative modeling of the unit operations and integrated processes will occur at Pan

Pacific Technologies, Algenol Biofuels and Argonne National Laboratory. Algenol

Biofuels also will provide closed cultivation systems that dramatically reduce water

losses to evaporation and enhance the stability of algae cultures.

The project reaches across several NMSU departments, including chemical engineering,

plant and environmental sciences, fishery and wildlife sciences and the Bio-Security and

Food Safety Laboratory. NMSU’s key role will be to integrate all of the unit operations

at a single location to demonstrate start-to-finish process compatibility.

The REAP award follows two other federal awards for the NMSU Algal Bioenergy

team – Department of Energy funding through the National Alliance for Advanced

Biofuels and Bioproducts consortium amounting to $700,000 over two years for NMSU

to support the algal cultivation testbed located at the Fabian Garcia Science Center, and

a National Science Foundation EPSCoR award for which NMSU will get $1.5 million

over five years for the algal effort.

3 - BioAlgas/health &Nutrition – 1

http://uncw.edu/research/stories/race/

A Race to Stop EHV-1. A virologist's

collaboration with marine science

researchers could block the horse virus.

Art Frampton & Lauren Singletary

Novel Receptor

How does EHV-1 invade a horse cell?

Frampton and graduate student Lauren Singletary have identified a novel receptor,

MHC class I (MHCI) - a portion of a horse cell that the virus uses as an entrance. Found

in human and animal cells, MHCI normally aids the immune response system. When

EHV-1 enters a horse cell via MHCI, it is able to replicate, spread and cause disease.

Clinical signs of infection, such as fever, coughing, nasal discharge and neurological

disease can show up within 24 hours after virus entry, but typically the incubation

period is four to six days.

In addition to identifying which receptor the virus uses to enter the cell, Singletary and

Frampton are working to determine which viral molecules attach to the receptor to

permit virus entry.

“The virus particles of EHV-1 contain 13 different glycoproteins on the surface. These

are special sugar-protein molecules that specifically interact with receptors to allow

entry into the cell. I am trying to figure out which glycoproteins are binding to our

receptor,” Singletary says. “Once I can determine that, I want to go further to find out

specifically which part of the protein is binding to which part of the receptor.”

Singletary uses an enzyme immunoassay, a biochemical technique that detects the

presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. She coats laboratory plates with cells

that possess the MHCI receptor as well as those that do not. Then, she coats the cells

with glycoprotein D (gD), known to initiate entry in many strains of herpes virus.

“If it does interact with the receptor, then it should stick to the cells that have MHCI and

not to the other ones,” she explains.

Fever, depression, watery nose, loss of appetite and swollen legs and abdomen are the

first symptoms to appear. As the disease spreads, some horses experience incontinence

and the inability to stand. Pregnant mares are very susceptible to the virus, which can

easily invade the sensitive endometrium surrounding a fetus and deprive the unborn foal

of oxygen resulting in a stillbirth or weak foal that dies within days of birth.

Spread by direct contact with nasal secretions of infected horses through shared feed,

water, buckets, blankets, tack and equipment or from the hands, boots or clothes of

handlers, the virus is triggered continually for the rest of the horse’s life. Recurrences

strike most commonly when the horse has a compromised immune system or is stressed

by excessive heat, long transport to race or show, or new stable or pasture mates.

With the number of cases increasing dramatically in recent years and the racing industry

holding its breath, scientists like UNCW virologist Art Frampton are working

tirelessly to develop an anti-viral drug. Previously developed vaccines created to

prevent the infection have proved weak and short-lasting.

Frampton’s approach is novel and two fold: provide appropriate surveillance measures

to detect an outbreak of EHV-1 in a horse stable or farm, and, if EHV-1 is confirmed,

administer an anti-viral drug to limit the spread of the virus. While the current anti-viral

drugs won’t prevent infection, they will stop the spread of the disease through the

equine body.

Blocking the Virus

In developing their research, Frampton and his laboratory team have a superior

advantage at UNCW. At their fingertips are unique compounds from marine microalgae

and cyanobacteria, isolated and purified by UNCW Center for Marine Science (CMS)

chemists. Available to all UNCW faculty and members of the outside scientific

community through collaborative studies and interactions,this collection contains

thousands of compounds isolated from photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic marine

organisms.

“What we have here is a library of organisms that have never been examined by

anybody in detail in terms of chemical constituents and their biological properties,” says

Carl B. Brown Distinguished Professor of Marine Science Jeffrey Wright, a bioorganic

chemist at CMS.

Thanks to this one-of-a-kind collaboration and resource opportunity, Frampton received

480 chemical fractions - compound mixtures - from CMS researchers that he and his

undergraduate students tested for their potential effectiveness in blocking the life cycle

of EHV-1. Of these, one was found to be the best compound because it blocks virus

replication while remaining non-toxic to the cell. Frampton and his students will

continue to study this compound on a basic cellular level to determine how it blocks the

virus.

According to Wright, this novel compound is produced by a photosynthetic

dinoflagellate, a type of microalgae found in the ocean. Though some dinoflagellate

species are toxic, other types produce non-toxic compounds, which may be beneficial

for treating disease.

This discovery is just one example of several notable bioactive compounds found in

Wright’s lab, including potential antibacterial and anticancer agents.

“If we can generate drug-resistant viruses, we might be able to go in and sequence those

and see where the mutations in the virus are occurring. That might clue us into where

and how the drug is acting,” Frampton says.

If this marine compound works, it could stop EHV-1 from spreading past the respiratory

tract into an infected horse’s neurological or reproductive system, where it can do much

more damage.

Human Applications: Fighting Cancer

Frampton’s EHV-1 research could have another use: cancer treatment. The human

herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been shown to kill human cancer cells, but serious

complications, like encephalitis - a swelling of the brain - remain a concern. Frampton’s

hypothesis is that EHV-1, if used as a localized treatment in surgery, could kill human

brain tumor cells with few side effects. His research shows that in tissue culture, EHV-1

can efficiently infect, replicate in and lyse, or kill, human brain tumor cells.

“We are genetically engineering the virus so that it only latches onto and infects the

tumor cells while sparing the normal brain tissue,” Frampton says.

Currently funded by the Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation, Frampton is

seeking further funding to expand his EHV-1 study into the realm of cancer research.

This ongoing EHV-1 research project has provided opportunities for more than 24

undergraduates - honors and directed independent study students - to participate in

world-class viral research. Undergraduates are intimately involved in every aspect of the

EHV-1 projects, from experimental design, running assays, collecting and analyzing

data to co-authoring results for publication in scientific journals.

Directed independent study students Brian Kurtz ’10 and Sean Kelly ’10 serve as first

and third authors and graduate student Lauren Singletary (see sidebar) as second

author of an article describing how the novel entry receptor MHCI was discovered. The

article, “Equus caballus Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I is an Entry

Receptor for Equine Herpesvirus Type 1,” was published in the Journal of Virology 84

(Sept. 2010): 9027-9034.

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4 - BioAlgas/health &Nutrition – 2

http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/natural-algae-astaxanthin-association-

formed/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndu

stryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29

Natural Algae Astaxanthin Association

formed

January 9, 2014

AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com

Located in Israel’s Arava desert, NAXA founding partner Algatechnologies produces

astaxanthin in an innovative process, and markets its AstaPure™ brand to the nutrition,

food & beverages and cosmetics industries.

atural Algae Astaxanthin manufacturers Fuji Chemical Industry Co Ltd.,

Algatechnologies Ltd. and Cyanotech Corporation have announced that they will form

the “Natural Algae Astaxanthin Association” (NAXA), a trade organization dedicated to

educating the public and dietary supplement industry about the health benefits of

Natural Astaxanthin and the major differences between sources.

The three founding members will welcome other algae-based astaxanthin producers to

the Association in the near future.

“With the recent introduction of Synthetic Astaxanthin made from petrochemicals

(which is being marketed as ‘Nature Identical’), it has become very important for the

astaxanthin producers who have developed the market over the last decade to point out

how different the various sources are,” said Oran Ayalon, PhD, Director of R&D at

Algatechnologies. “There are tremendous differences in terms of effectiveness between

the different sources.”

Mr. Kazuyuki Miyakawa, Chief Scientific Advisor to Fuji added. “A new research

article published last month in NutraFoods, a peer-reviewed technical journal, points out

that in different antioxidant tests at a prominent US-based university and a leading

independent laboratory specializing in antioxidant testing, Natural Algae Astaxanthin

proved to be a minimum of 20X to over 50X stronger as an antioxidant than Synthetic

Astaxanthin.

“This leads to critical concerns in regards to effectiveness for the synthetic version,

particularly since no human health benefits have been established on Synthetic

Astaxanthin. If Synthetic Astaxanthin has only 2% – 5% of the antioxidant power of

Natural Algae Astaxanthin, how can it possibly work as well for heart health, brain

health, joint health, skin health, and the other areas in which we have established solid

evidence from human clinical trials on Natural Algae Astaxanthin?”

“The animal feed industry has used Synthetic Astaxanthin for many years as an artificial

color, mostly to pigment the flesh of salmon,” said Gerald Cysewski, PhD, Founder &

Chief Scientific Officer of Cyanotech. “They’ve done safety testing in animals, but we

have not found any evidence in the literature of safety testing in direct human use. This

is a grave concern, particularly when we think about the health issues that surfaced with

the use in humans of other synthetic carotenoids such as beta carotene and

canthaxanthin.”

The Natural Algae Astaxanthin Association will work to educate consumers and the

trade about the many clinically validated health benefits of Natural Algae Astaxanthin,

and will continue to research and publish on the differences between the natural form

and its distant synthetic cousin.

“There are three vital differences between Natural Algae Astaxanthin and Synthetic

Astaxanthin that make them completely different molecules,” said Dr. Ayalon.

“Number 1, they’re shaped differently. Synthetic contains forms that are unnatural and

may be unsafe; number 2, the natural form comes naturally complexed with supporting

and stabilizing algal esters and other carotenoids, and number 3, chemical synthesis

used to produce synthetic astaxanthin may result in residual reagents and solvents. It’s

absolutely amazing that Synthetic Astaxanthin made in a laboratory from

petrochemicals can be called ‘Nature Identical.’”

Vincent Wood, GM International sales & marketing of Fuji Chemical Industry, said:

“Each company faces different challenges in each market, yet we also share common

goals. This organization can be the platform where the scientific and regulatory needs of

algae astaxanthin can be addressed effectively.”

5 - Bioalgas/Health&Nutrition -3  

http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-medical-solutions-part-10/

Algae’s role in the gluten-free movement

October 20, 2013

AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com

s more people discover the substantial health benefits of a gluten-free diet,

more food companies will replace wheat and other gluten-food grains with gluten-free

algae flour and algae oils. Algae food products also give consumers access to healthier

foods that are free of GMO material, pesticide residues and allergens.

“Gluten free” represents one of the fastest growing health food categories because many

people have gluten sensitivity, allergy or intolerance, which is known as celiac disease.

Americans spent more than $4 billion on gluten-free foods in 2012, according to the

American Celiac Disease Alliance. A 2013 report from MarketsandMarkets estimates

the gluten-free product category is growing in excess of 20% a year and predicts the

international market will reach $6.2 billion by 2018. North America holds about a 59%

share in the global market.

Gluten-free bakery and confectionery products represent 46% of total gluten-free

products volume share, followed by gluten-free snacks at 20%. The highest

consumption of gluten-free products in the global market is through conventional sales

channels. Hain Celestial, Inc., General Mills, Inc., Amy’s Kitchen, Inc. and Boulder

Brands are some of the top companies in the gluten-free foods market.

New Gluten-Free Products – Pastry, Nut-Thins and Pizza

Gluten

Gluten is a protein composite found in foods processed from wheat and other food

grains such as barley, rye and triticale. Gluten gives dough elasticity, which helps wheat

products such as bread rise and hold their shape. Gluten also adds a chewy texture to

grain products.

Pure Gluten and Gluten in Raw Dough

The FDA announced on July 2013 that products labeled ‘‘gluten free’’ still would not

have to be 100% free of wheat, rye, barley and their derivatives. The gluten free label

will mean the products contain less than 20 parts per million, (PPM) of gluten. The 20-

PPM threshold is generally recognized by the medical community to be low enough so

that most people who have celiac disease won’t get sick if they eat it. The FDA standard

will also ensure that companies cannot label products gluten-free if they are cross-

contaminated from other products made in the same manufacturing facility.

People who suffer from celiac disease do not absorb nutrients effectively. The gluten

found in wheat and other cereal grains makes them sick. Celiac disease affects about 3

million Americans but a far larger set of consumers experience disease symptoms

without the diagnosis. People with celiac disease suffer from abdominal pain, bloating

and diarrhea. The disease also can cause weight loss, fatigue, rashes and a broad set of

long-term medical problems.

Celiac is a diagnosed illness that is more severe than gluten sensitivity, which some

people self-diagnose. Gluten intolerance is often accompanied by wheat intolerance and

leads to stomach pain and inflammatory skin conditions such as dermatitis

herpetiformis. Wheat must be labeled on food packages but barley and rye are often

hidden ingredients in food. The FDA labels will end the eating “Russian roulette” for

people who have celiac.

Gluten Molecules

Gluten-free health

Many people try to avoid gluten because they feel better and their health improves on a

gluten-free diet. Health food advocates note that people on a gluten-free diet often have

health problems, typically associated with stomach pain or inflammation, when gluten is

eaten.

Gluten-free diets have become popular to avoid a spectrum of health problems. One

longitudinal study found that celiac disease is about four times as common today as it

was in 1950. People are adopting gluten-free diets to treat celiac disease-like symptoms

in the absence of a positive test for the disease. Some health advocates have claimed

gluten-free diets moderate autism in children, but scientific studies have not supported

autism claims.

Most people had never heard of celiac disease ten years ago. Social media and

especially the healthy living sites have exploded awareness about celiac and an umbrella

of related maladies. Medical experts believe digestion and inflammation problems are

expanding because consumers are eating more processed gluten-rich products like

pastas, pizzas and baked goods than in past decades.

Most the major food companies have introduced new gluten-free products due to rising

consumer demand. Oscar Mayer recently announced a new line of gluten-free hotdogs

and wieners. Walmart has recently introduced a section of gluten-free foods. The new

Gluten-Free Resource Directory offers a search feature, which gives consumers a quick

way to find companies that provide products meeting the consumer’s specific

requirements.

New Gluten-Free Products from General Mills, Nabisco and General Foods

Algae to the rescue

Currently gluten-free diets depend on several grain and starch sources, including corn,

potatoes, rice, quinoa and tapioca. Various types of bean, soybean, pea and nut flours

are often used in gluten-free products to add protein. Algae flour offers three times the

protein of corn or rice.

Last year, over 90% of soy and corn plantings employed genetically engineered seeds.

While many consumers prefer foods without GMO material, Monsanto spent millions to

defeat the GMO labeling initiative in California in 2012, where it is practically

ubiquitous in wheat, soy and corn products.

Chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides have been linked to ADHD, autism, cancer, Lou

Gehrig’s disease and other illnesses. Recent medical research includes three

independent studies in Environmental Health Perspectives, which show that children

exposed to pesticides in the womb are more likely to have measurable problems with

intelligence, memory, and attention, beginning at 12 months and continuing through

early childhood. These studies link prenatal pesticide exposure (measured in the urine of

mothers-to-be) to significantly lower IQ in children by age 9. The research teams, from

Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public

Health and the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley, all

conclude that pesticide exposure during pregnancy could negatively affect brain

development.

No allergens

Fortunately, algae can be grown without the use of chemical fertilizer or pesticides.

Therefore, algae-based foods have no pesticide residues.

Many people, especially young children, suffer from food allergens such as peanuts. An

allergic response to peanuts usually occurs within minutes after exposure. Symptoms

range from mild to severe and include:

 Skin reactions, such as hives, redness or swelling

 Itching or tingling in or around the mouth and throat

 Digestive problems, such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea or vomiting

 Tightening of the throat, shortness of breath or wheezing and runny nose

A 13-year-old with a peanut allergy died in July 2013 at a popular summer camp in

Sacramento after taking a bite of a Rice Krispies treat containing peanuts.

A person with milk allergy may react to one of dozens of the proteins in milk. The most

common protein allergen is alpha S1-casein. Other people react to specific proteins in

eggs, walnuts or shellfish. Food allergies cause symptoms similar to peanut allergy,

such as skin rash, hives, vomiting, and gastric distress such as diarrhea, constipation,

rhinitis, stomach pain or flatulence.

Algae are lower on the food chain and generally do not set off food allergies. Blue-

green algae activate the immune system. By increasing the immune system, blue-green

algae may decrease the effectiveness of medications that decrease the immune system.

Algae offer Food Products with No GMO, No Pesticide Residue and No Allergens

Algae fiber

Food processors currently use soybean, nuts and flax in gluten-free products to add

dietary fiber. Food producers will soon take advantage of the plentiful soluble dietary

fibers in algae, which are several times higher than the highest current food source, flax.

The dietary problem with flax is soluble fiber. Flax contains about 25 percent soluble

fiber and 75 percent insoluble fiber. The total fiber content of several algae species, (~6

g/100g), is greater than that of fruits and vegetables promoted today for their fiber

content:  prunes (2.4 g), cabbage (2.9 g), apples (2.0 g), and brown rice (3.8 g).

Stabilizers and thickeners

Gluten-free dieters must avoid distilled spirits that are fermented from wheat, rye and

barley products, including beer. Algae have been used successfully in regular and gluten

beer as a clarifier. The Handbook of Brewing recommends the time-tested method of

clarifying beer and ales with Irish moss carrageen found in abundance in several a

species of red algae.

Food companies use gluten in unexpected ways such as for a stabilizing agent or

thickener in ice-cream and ketchup. Algae compounds including agar-agar and

carrageen are commonly used in the food industry as gelling, emulsifying, and

stabilizing agents. Algae agar-agar, alginates and carrageen offer excellent substitutes

for gluten in food processing.

Medicines and cosmeceuticals

Gluten-free dieters often find gluten among the ingredients in over-the-counter or

prescription medications and vitamins. Gluten-free labeling requirements will cause

medicine and vitamin producers to use non-gluten algae compounds and substitutes.

Many synthetic pigments used for coloring medications contain gluten. Natural algae

pigments give brighter color and contain no gluten. Unlike synthetic pigments, algae

pigments are nutritious.

Cosmetics such as lipstick, lip balms and lip-gloss often contain gluten to give pliability

and avoid drying. Alginates from algae can provide a non-gluten substitute for the

gluten compounds in modern foods. Alginates are currently used in many lipsticks and

skin creams because they penetrate the skin better than gluten products. Algae have the

advantage of being tiny. Algae-based compounds can pass through the dermis layers

better than gluten.

The FDA labeling requirement for gluten-free foods provides a great opportunity for the

algae industry. Gluten-free labels are likely to change shopping behavior for many

consumers who will be able to choose healthier, tastier and more nutritious algae-based

gluten-free foods. Gluten-free labels will inspire food companies to add more labels that

show foods to be free of GMO material, pesticide residue and allergens. Old and new

food products will change to gluten-free where algae compounds hold competitive

advantage over gluten with substantial health and nutritional benefits.

6 - Bioalgas/Health&Nutrition -4

http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-medical-solutions-part-11/

Proposed health labels for algae-based

foods

November 10, 2013

AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com

he FDA announced in July 2013 new label regulations for ‘‘gluten free’’ foods.

The label “gluten free” essentially means mostly free of wheat, rye, barley and their

derivatives. Most consumers are concerned about food attributes that go far beyond

gluten.

Gluten free labels

What if the FDA proposed labels for algae-based foods? Since the FDA has been

extremely slow at examining foods made from algae, it might be wise to propose a

label. How might labels brand algae-based foods?

Food choices

People make choices about others by how they dress. Some assess the quality of books

by their cover. Food labels help people make smart food choices. Food concerns are

identified and described in detail at www.Nutrition.gov. The site uses the tag line

“Smart nutrition starts here.”

The National Library of Medicine manages an excellent searchable database that

provides access to a wide range of consumer-friendly health information including fact

sheets, journal articles, and news items. The site also includes a medical encyclopedia.

Heart health and blood pressure. Consumers want information on how

to reduce risk for heart disease, including ideas for reducing fat in the

diet, lowering cholesterol, and lowering inflammation. Consumers also

want food compounds that help control hypertension (high blood

pressure).

Obesity and diabetes. The CDC reports that 68% of U.S. adults age 20

years and older are overweight or obese. Consumers want information

on how to reduce risk for obesity and what food compounds may help

them lose weight with a healthy diet. People want food labels that help

avoid the risk of developing diabetes and for diabetics, managing the

disease with a healthy diet.

Brain, eyes and skin. Consumers want to know what food compounds

may help their ability to think and see clearly. People want food labels

that promote healthy skin, since skin is the largest body organ. Ideally,

the cosmeceuticals that benefit skin and hair would also minimize or

soften wrinkles.

Food allergies and intolerances. The CDC reports that 4% to 6% of U.S.

children under age 18 have food allergies. The journal JAMA Pediatrics

estimates the economic cost of food allergies is $25 billion per year, or

about $4,184 per child. Peanuts, wheat, milk, and eggs are some of the

most common food allergies. People are concerned about food

sensitivities, as well as celiac disease and lactose intolerance.

Digestive disorders and bone health. Consumers want to avoid a variety

of diseases and problems in the digestive system including constipation,

celiac disease, gallstones, heartburn, lactose intolerance, ulcers, and

more. Consumers want to avoid osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and

other bone and joint diseases.

Cancer. Consumers want to avoid cancer and conditions such as obesity

that increase the risk of cancer. Consumers would like to know about

foods that contain strong antioxidants, phytochemicals and omega-3

fatty acids that appear to reduce the risk of cancer.

Pesticide residue.  The Environmental Working Group publishes an

annual list of the dirtiest and cleanest produce in terms of pesticide

residue. Most produce has some agricultural poisons. Several recent

studies report that even low levels of pesticide ingestion are associated

with increased risk for organ damage, cancer, neurological and brain

impairment, reproductive and child developmental effects and intrusion

with the human hormone system.

Nutralence.  Many modern foods suffer from hidden hunger. The fruit or

vegetable looks good but contains empty calories. The consumer gets

very few nutrients per bite, which leads to obesity. Consumers want

information about nutralence – nutrients in the produce, bioavailability

of nutrients and nutrient density.

Hunger pangs. Many high calorie and high sugar snack foods and drinks

interfere with the brain’s ability to assess stomach fullness.

Consequently, people get a nosh feeling and continue to eat. Consumers

want information on foods that quell hunger pangs and the desire to

nosh.

Dietary fiber.  Fibers act by changing the nature of the gastrointestinal

tract, which changes how other nutrients and chemicals are absorbed.

Dietary fibers play an important roll in digestion, nutritional

bioavailability and bowel health.

Non-GMO.  Over 90% of corn and soy flour in the U.S. comes from

genetically modified seeds. Monsanto spends millions every year

fighting to prevent GMO labels on food. Consumers have a right to know

not only whether a food has been genetically engineered but also what

traits were changed from the natural seed. The public has a right to any

related medical research on GMO health and safety to people, animals

and the environment.

Phytonutrients.  Phytochemicals are chemicals found in plants that

protect plants against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They may act as

antioxidants or nutrient protectors, or prevent carcinogens (cancer

causing agents) from forming. Bright colored vegetables and fruits have

the highest levels of phytonutrients among land-based plants.

New food labels need to integrate considerable information. A label that covered these

attributes may not fit a food product. New iPhone and android phone apps will enable

consumers to read a UPC label to look up a more readable label that covers these and

other food attributes.

Please note that the label attributes and thresholds have not been vetted scientifically.

Most of these claims are conservative based on published research.

New algae food labels

One way to create new food labels is to compare algae-based foods with food grains

such as corn, wheat, soybean, rice or barley. Assume the algae food offers the

compounds described by Solazyme Roquette Nutritionals in their Almagine HL Whole

Algalin Flour.

Heart health and blood pressure.

 10x more healthy omega-3 fatty acids.

 50x more powerful antioxidants for heart and

blood health.

 85% less cholesterol.

Obesity and diabetes.

 80% fewer calories per bite.

 Slows release of sugar to the bloodstream.

 Moderates diabetes symptoms.

Brain, eyes and skin.

 50x more powerful antioxidants improve brain

function.

 Astaxanthin delivers antioxidants across the brain

barrier.

 10x vitamin A and D for eye and skin health.

 Astaxanthin and omega-3s improves skin

plasticity.

Food allergies and intolerances.

 100% fewer allergens; no known allergens.

 100% fewer nut allergens and no gluten.

 100% fewer dairy allergens and no lactose.

Digestive disorders and bone health.

 Probiotic that improves gut flora.

 Moderates Inflammatory bowel disease; irritable

bowel syndrome.

 50% higher vitamin D for bone health.

Cancer.

 50x more powerful antioxidants to scavenge free

radicals.

 100x more astaxanthin that fights several forms of

cancer.

 May include specific peptides that can directly

target cancer cells without affecting normal cells,

targeted therapy.

Pesticide residue.

 100% less pesticide residue; no pesticides used in

production.

 100% less herbicide residue; no herbicides used in

production.

 100% agricultural chemicals and poisons.

Nutralence

 3 to 100x more micronutrients available.

 3 to 5x higher nutrient bioavailability,

(absorbability).

 3 to 10x higher nutrient density.

 2x higher protein.

Hunger pangs.

 Moderates sugar release to the blood stream.

 Expands in the stomach to create satiety.

 Creates a feeling of fullness and diminishes desire

to nosh.

Dietary fiber.

 20x more dietary fiber than food grains such as

corn.

 8x more dietary fiber than flax.

 Healthy fiber supports digestion and bowl health.

Non-GMO.

 No genetically engineered material.

 No genetically modified food compounds.

 Supports biodiversity with 10 million algae

species.

Phytonutrients.

 20x more allicin, anthocyanin, bioflavonoids and

flavonoids.

 30x more carotenoids and antioxidants.

 20x more indoles, isoflavones, lignin, lutein,

lycopene, and phenolic.

Why these health benefits?

These substantial health benefits are a gift from nature. Land plants evolved from algae

500 million years ago and benefited from all these compounds. Land-based natural

stands of grasses, fruits and vegetables supported human ancestors and wild animals for

eons. Land plants lost many of their nutritional benefits in three stages.

Stage one forced land plants to survive in terrestrial settings. Land-based crops had to

put energy into roots, stems, leaves, circulatory systems and elegant reproductive

organs. All these features took considerable energy. These critical features for survival

on land depleted the rich stores of phytonutrients, protein and lipids found in the plants’

ancestors – algae.

Algae waste no energy on those superfluous features. Algae are single-celled plants that

thrive in moist or wet environments. Algae have no need for land plant features and put

all their energy into storing high levels of healthy compounds.

Stage two began about 100,000 years ago when humans began early agriculture.

Farmers began to save seeds based on yield, hardiness, growth speed, taste, texture, size

and aroma. This spurred the evolution of more attractive foods. Many centuries later,

farmers cross-fertilized plants to create hybrids that maximized the same set of

dimensions. Unfortunately, both seed saving and hybridization improved yields at

substantial cost to nutrition.

Three stages that diminished food crop nutrition

Stage three began in 1998 when the first GMO seeds were planted and sold as food.

GMO seeds to date emphasize immunity from specific herbicides and yields but further

degrade nutrition. Since nearly all processed foods containing corn or soy are GMO,

these products are even less nutritious than their natural cousins.

Algae food labels

Algae are eaten by at least 100 more hungry consumers than any other food on earth.

Algae lie at the bottom of the food chain and nearly every higher-level plant or animal

consumes algae directly or indirectly in algae feeders. The largest animal on earth, the

great blue whale eats both algae and the voracious algae feeders, krill. All the plants and

animals on earth have benefited from algae’s superior nutrition and taste.

One of the most common reactions people have to algae-based foods is the “yuck

factor.” People cannot imagine eating algae because they attribute negative sensory

factors. Food labels do not address taste, color, aroma, texture, or mouth appeal. Those

must be addressed separately. Fortunately, social media such as Yelp, Epicurious, and

Gourmet sites will quickly resolve those issues.

Nutrition labels for algae-based foods predictably will go through an iterative process of

claims that must be proven by scientific testing. Fortunately, much of the testing has or

is being done currently for high-value animal feeds.

As algae foods enter the market, food labels will share the extraordinary health benefits

that algae has offered to its many hunger consumers for eons.

New food labels need to incorporate environmental issues into the food mix. The next

post examines what environmental factors may be emphasized on food labels.

7 - Bioalgas/environment 1

http://www.deseagrant.org/news/two-one-algae-species-explored-both-biofuel-source-and-

pollution-control

Two in one: Algae species explored for

both biofuel source and pollution control

The tiny, plant-like Heterosigma akashiwo is too small to see with the naked eye, but

the microscopic algae may pack a big environmental punch. UD researchers are

studying whether the species can neutralize harmful smokestack emissions – and also

serve as a source of eco-friendly biofuel.

The project is an outgrowth of biochemist Kathryn Coyne’s study into the ecology of H.

akashiwo, which thrives in Delaware and worldwide. Coyne and her postdoctoral

fellow, Jennifer Stewart, found that the algae contain a special enzyme with the unusual

ability to detoxify nitric oxide, one of multiple contaminants released through industrial

chimneys as flue gas.

Based on the discovery of that enzyme, Coyne and Stewart decided to explore the

possibility of recruiting the algae for pollution control. They knew that other scientists

were trying to use different types of algae to reduce emissions of another flue gas

component, carbon dioxide, since algae need carbon dioxide to grow.

“The problem with those attempts was that the nitric oxide also present in flue gas

usually killed the algae,” Coyne said. “It’s very harmful.”

That’s where H. akashiwo’s special enzyme may come in handy. The protein may

enable the algae to convert harmful nitric oxide into innocuous nitrate, while the algae

are also metabolizing carbon dioxide.

In addition to having pollution-fighting potential, H. akashiwo is a proven source of

biofuel. Rising petroleum prices and finite quantities of fossil fuels are prompting

demand for renewable energy sources, and algae-derived biofuel is already powering

some trains, jets and other machines.

Adding nitrogen is an important but costly step in the process of making biofuel. H.

akashiwo’s ability to use nitric oxide from flue gas essentially eliminates that step.

Coyne’s project is still in the early stages, having only recently received funding from

Delaware Sea Grant. Before investigating commercial applications, Coyne will need to

examine the long-term effects of flue gas on the algae’s physiology. She will also

evaluate how well H. akashiwo uses nitric oxide as a nitrogen source and how light

intensities affect its production of the lipids and fatty acids used to make biofuel.

Yet the potential upsides could be great. Existing methods of cleaning factory gas

before it is released into the air are labor-intensive and costly, so algae pose a natural

and potentially cheaper alternative. They also contain a high proportion of the fats

needed to make biofuel.

“Algal biofuels are great values,” Coyne said. “Compared to crops like corn and

soybeans, the same mass of algae can produce greater quantities of biofuel.”

- See more at: http://www.deseagrant.org/news/two-one-algae-species-explored-both-

biofuel-source-and-pollution-control#sthash.vfDk98Lv.dpuf

8 - Bioalgas/environment 2.



Can AB32 Help Save the Amazon?

December 7, 2011

AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com

ith global warming accords in disarray, the European Union (EU),

individual nations, and now California are taking decisive action. Even the most local of

initiatives, however, impacts the rest of the world. California, for example, could help

save the Amazon forest, the world’s largest carbon sink. And algae’s role could be

decisive.

California’s AB 32, or Global Warming Solutions Act, calls for the state to become “a

national and international leader on energy conservation and environmental stewardship

efforts…” Five years after Governor Schwarzenegger and the California legislature

passed AB 32, and two years to the day after California’s Air Resources Board (ARB)

put forward its comprehensive implementation plan, emission limits, or “caps”, take

effect this January 1, 2012. By 2020, total emissions must be reduced to 1990 levels.

The limits are supported through California’s cap and trade market, which will soon

become the world’s second largest, after the EU. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emitters who

exceed designated caps must purchase “offsets” from GHG producers who manage to

come in under their caps. Because it will take some years for emitters to meet AB32

standards, excessive emitters can purchase four kinds of GHG offsets: for developing

forests, capturing methane gas from commercial animals, and reducing ozone-depleting

chemicals.

These four programs cannot possibly provide enough offsets to balance out these over-

cap emissions. AB32 therefore authorizes offsets from “international partners”: foreign

nations, states and provinces. The most GHG absorption, for the least possible

investment, comes from forest preservation and restoration. Only oceans and soil absorb

more GHG, but they are not amenable to direct intervention. Worse, global warming

reduces oceans’ and soil’s ability to absorb GHGs. Foreign forests are the best bet, and

California has already signed memoranda of agreement with Chiapas, Mexico, and

Acre, Brazil.

Brazil

In an effort to truly lead the world in reducing emissions, AB32 authorizes California’s

excess emitters to invest in developing nations’ efforts to reverse deforestation.

In an insightful November 3 interview with E&E News, Elizabeth Zelljadt described

how such international cooperation might work. California emitters will look for the

most HGH capture for the lowest possible cost. Deforestation control offers the best

HGH reduction for the lowest cost; and Brazil is the epicenter of forest preservation.

Brazil’s commitment to countering deforestation is real, and has already resulted in

significant reductions. But these efforts are running up against its ambition to become

the world’s biofuel leader in sugar-based ethanol, a goal ironically aimed at reducing

petroleum GHG emissions.

Brazil and the United States account for 88% of the world’s ethanol, and Brazil has

committed to invest another $22B in the industry. On top of it, mechanized mass cane

production displaces the farmers Brazil hopes to preserve, and using cane for fuel

exacerbate global food price increases, already a crisis in Brazil as in Africa and Asia.

Finally, sugar cane production means deforestation.

Algae provide not only a way out for Brazil, but the basis for a national strategy for

energy, environment and employment.

Energy

With appropriate, energy-conscious technology, algae can first supplement, and

eventually replace sugar cane as a biofuel feedstock.

Initially, algae can absorb the CO2 outputs from ethanol production. A high-starch

algae can be turned into ethanol right on the spot, which means it can eventually replace

the corn or wheat being used as the raw material.

That’s why Manildra, the largest Australian ethanol producer, signed with a local algae

producer to demonstrate ethanol production from algae at Manildra’s largest ethanol

plant. A full scale module is scheduled for startup by the end of Q1, 2012.

As reported in the trade paper Automotive Industries, “Manildra is moving ahead with

the Algae.Tec system for two primary reasons. One is to eliminate use of food

commodities (now primarily wheat) as raw material for making ethanol. The second is

the Algae.Tec system’s productive use of CO2 which is otherwise a waste liability of

Manildra plant operations. Australia is reportedly planning to impose taxes on CO2

released to atmosphere.”

Replacing petroleum oil with algae fuels reduces energy in three ways. Most obviously,

it produces a green fuel to replace coal, oil and natural gas. In cultivation and

production, the carbon sink created by algae production absorbs, or captures, the

greenhouse gasses carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. And it reduces the incentive to

deforest the Amazon for cane sugar production and petroleum oil reserves.

Environment

Algae fuel production not only displaces carbon-intensive cane production, and

preserves forest by reducing the demand and need for sugar cane. Like the forests they

help preserve, algae cultivation also absorbs GHG and generates oxygen.

Finally, algae can absorb all kinds of waste and toxic materials, even radioactive

substances. This gives it a dual role: as a green fuel, but also as a way to reduce the

impact of man-made pollution.

Wastewater that is becoming an increasing environmental hazard in the upper Amazon

can be treated in algae cultivation. As an organic aquaculture food, it can stimulate

prospects for an inland aquaculture.

It’s a triple environmental win:

 Reducing the deforestation caused by displacing sugar cane for ethanol,

 Reducing GHG by cultivating algae itself, while generating oxygen,

 And stimulating carbon-free, organic land cultivation, animal feed, and aquaculture.

Regulators and governments tend to look at problems and solutions in isolation, without

seeing the bigger picture. Only recently, for instance, have the by-products and

unintended consequences of ethanol production and use raised questions about its

isolated (and previously taken for granted) benefits. Now we know that ethanol from

food crops contributes to the global crises of high food cost and insufficient supply.

Employment

From the political perspective, it may all come down to jobs.

Unlike the super-mechanized petroleum and ethanol industries, algae cultivation is both

labor-intensive and adaptable to small-scale cultivation, harvesting, refining and

distribution.

And that doesn’t count building the infrastructure of algae ponds, refineries, and

distribution centers required for the new sustainable biofuels.

The great news is that the jobs won’t just be created in Brazil and other developing

countries, but right here in California, where much of the algae research and

development are taking place. San Diego, for example, has benefited from more than a

billion dollars in private and public sector algae investments.

Eventually, algae production itself will ramp up in California, producing jobs in

production, processing and distribution; and someday it could help address the greatest

challenge of all: all that choking smog.

9 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy  - 1

http://advancedbiofuelsusa.info/utah-state-university-students-run-dragster-with-algal-fuel

Utah State University Students Run Dragster with Algal Fuel

Submitted by admin on August 26, 2013 – 11:47 amNo Comment

(Algae Industry Magazine)  After a successful 2012 race season powered with yeast

biodiesel, the Aggie A-Salt Streamliner, as the dragster is officially known, topped 73

miles per hour this week during its algae-fueled debut. The roadster, with a .8 liter

engine, was among competitors at the Southern California Timing Association’s 65th

Anniversary Speed Week held Aug. 10-16, 2013, at Utah’s Bonneville Salt Flats.

Under glaring sun on the natural saltpan raceway located about 120 miles west of Salt

Lake City, the USU-built car set a new land-speed record Aug. 14 racing with USU-

crafted biodiesel distilled from algae grown in the university’s labs.

…

The car’s performance this week represents eight years of hard work by “a lot of

students,” says USU biochemist Alex McCurdy, a doctoral candidate in Seefeldt’s lab.

“It’s the culmination of efforts by plant scientists who grew the algae, biochemists who

refined the fuel, and mechanical engineers who built the car.”

Hefting a jar with 1.3 liters of golden fluid, McCurdy says it took about six pounds of

dried algae and several years of research to produce the ‘liquid sunlight.’ With support

from a U.S. Department of Energy grant, McCurdy, Seefeldt and undergraduate

biochemist Michael R. Morgan, driver of the race car, joined professor Bruce Bugbee

and his students in USU’s College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, as well as

professor Byard Wood and his students in USU’s College of Engineering, to streamline

the process.

…

Next up, the USU roadster is headed to Utah’s west desert to race again during the Utah

Salt Flats Racing Association.

10 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy  - 2

http://algaetech.com.my/v1/bio-algae-fuel-2/

Bio-Algae Fuel

APPLIED TECHNOLOGY & IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPT



The process of producing Algaetech’s bio-algae diesel does not undergo any

transesterification which normally uses methanol derived from petroleum sources.

Producing palm biodiesel to meet EN14214 with -21C pour point requires the said

methyl ester to be fractionated twice and this process is very energy intensive and

costly. A revolutionary Algae Nano-Emulsion B20 Biofuel (for diesel, petrol, heavy

fuel and jet fuel) is taking the lead.

Algaetech has developed biofuel component which is 100% biodegradable, zero sulfur,

renewable, sustainable and green. Our nano-emulsion B20 Biofuels are derived from

Algae, the 3rd generation biofuel feedstock which is non-food and environmental-

friendly.

The base oil of our emulsified B20 Biofuels are processed Algae oil emulsified with

some components to yield a 100% biodegradable fuel component. It is later blended

into normal diesel toyield an emulsified diesel which can make biodiesel via 

transesterification obsolete (neatbiodiesel from transesterification increase NOx and

with 10% lower energy content). We have formulated and synthesized a very stable

emulsion which have been demonstrated and tested with buses in Malaysia and

Singapore.

 NANO-EMULSION

Nano‐emulsion Technology is a chemical process of blending fossil fuel, bio‐feedstock

and specific types of chemicals which in‐turn reacts and mix to form stable bonds with

each other.

 POLARIZATION

Polarization Technology allows for alignment of positive and negative ions of elements

and this is achieved under high pressure and highly magnetic environment. This further

allows for the elements to form stable bonds with each other. This technological

breakthrough enables the production of new types of additives that when it is blended

with fossil fuels and other elements creates a stable mix of a 3rd generation renewable

fuels.

11 - BioAlgas/algaefuel&Energy  - 3

http://www.voanews.com/content/us-navy-presses-forward-with-biofuels/1365301.html

US Navy Presses Forward with Biofuels

US Navy Presses Forward with Biofuels



Luis Ramirez

July 09, 2012

PENTAGON — The U.S. Navy is going ahead with plans to convert much of its fleet to

expensive biofuels despite opposition from members of Congress who say it is the

wrong thing to do at a time when the U.S. military faces nearly $500 billion in budget

cuts.

Going green

The U.S. Navy has a special message this year at the Rim of the Pacific exercises

bringing together the navies of more than 20 nations off the Coast of Hawaii:  It is time

to turn green.

Joining the vessels is what the U.S. Navy calls its Great Green Fleet of warships

powered by fuel from renewable sources like algae, grass, and animal fat.

Over the last few months, the navy has been showcasing how biofuels can transform the

military and eventually lead what Navy Secretary Ray Mabus hopes will be a transition

away from energy sources in unstable parts of the world.

“The main reason we are moving toward alternative energy in navy marine corps is to

make us better war fighters, is to reduce our vulnerability on imported fossil fuel," he

stated. "(To) Make sure we have energy security and energy independence in the United

States military, United States Navy." 

Converting Navy's fleet, biofuels

The Obama administration wants half the Navy’s fleet to convert to biofuels by 2020

and become a major force in the development of the biofuels market - much in the same

way the military in the past has served as the developer of technologies such as GPS,

computers, and cell phones.

“The Air Force is aiming to get half of its domestic jet fuel from alternative sources by

2016. And I’m directing the Navy and the Department of Energy and Agriculture to

work with the private sector to create advanced biofuels that can power not just fighter

jets, but also trucks and commercial airliners,” said U.S. President Barack Obama.

Cost effective

But with each gallon of biofuel costing $26 compared to less than $4 that conventional

fuel does, there is plenty of opposition from members of Congress who say it is a waste

of money at a time when the Pentagon faces deep budget cuts.

“It’s going to be more expensive to get these biofuels and it doesn’t provide any

operational improvement," said David Kreutzer who is energy analyst at the Heritage

Foundation. "That is it’s not denser energy. It has to be drop in fuel. We could be

getting more fuel from domestic production much more cheaply instead of diverting

resources in the navy towards biofuels, we could use them for equipment and material

and personnel.”

Efforts to convert the Navy are well under way. The U.S.S. Makin Island, the Navy’s

first hybrid amphibious assault ship has just completed its maiden voyage.

The green message has also been carried by the Navy’s famous Blue Angels seen

demonstrating the power of biofuels at a recent air show. 

With money in short supply at the military, biofuels - for now - may be only for show.

12 - BioAlgas/Technology – 1

http://www.news.iastate.edu/news/2013/06/28/algaeproduction

New ISU production facility delivers

made-to-order algae

Posted Jun 28, 2013 10:00 am

A greenhouse at the ISU BioCentury Research Farm houses new technology that

simplifies the cultivation of algae. Photo courtesy of the Center for Crops Utilization

Research.

AMES, Iowa – A new algae production facility at Iowa State University makes use of

an innovative design that’s attracting interest from other universities and private

industry.

The algal production facility, which was built inside a greenhouse on the BioCentury

Research Farm in rural Boone, went online in January and has been filling orders for

algae researchers ever since.

The facility contains a novel biofilm-based cultivation system designed by Martin

Gross, a graduate assistant in agricultural and biosystems engineering, and Zhiyou Wen,

an associate professor of food science and human nutrition.

The cultivation system allows for easy separation of algae from water, which is usually

an expensive and often time-consuming process requiring the use of a centrifuge or

other costly equipment. The new cultivation system at Iowa State sidesteps that process

by passing through the nutrient-rich water a cotton-based biofilm, which collects the

algae. After that, the algae are simply scraped off the cotton material. It’s a simpler,

more efficient way to cultivate algae, Wen said.

He said there are similar competing technologies at other institutions, but there are

differences that make the ISU technology unique. In fact, Wen and Gross are in the

process of getting the technology patented.

“We knew that harvesting the algae is the most expensive and time-consuming part of

the process, so we wanted to find a solution that was easier than traditional harvesting,”

Wen said.

The ISU facility features a pair of raceway ponds, or small pools of water in which a

weak current is constantly generated to keep the water moving. Gross described the

system as similar to a lazy river – an attraction at public pools and water parks that

features a shallow channel of water with a gentle current. One of the raceway ponds

requires the use of a centrifuge, while the other employs the new system designed by

Wen and Gross. The greenhouse also contains four, 200-liter flat panel bioreactors,

another popular algae cultivation technology.

The reasons to study algae, a diverse group of chiefly aquatic and photosynthetic

organisms, are nearly as varied as the organisms themselves. Scientists are exploring the

potential for algae to be used as a fertilizer, a source of biofuel and as a feed supplement

for production animals, just to name a few of the possibilities.

Such widespread application means there’s no shortage of interest in the new ISU

production facility. Gross said faculty members from disciplines across campus are

using algae produced in the greenhouse in their own research. Even private companies

are using algae produced at Iowa State.

Gross said the new facility surpasses the capacity of any means of algae production seen

on campus before. It’s capable of producing about 4.5 kilograms of algae per week, he

said.

“I had been involved with algae research at Iowa State for three years, and we had to

pass up several opportunities because we simply didn’t have a means of producing

enough algae,” he said. “The new facility allows for us to pursue those kinds of

opportunities on a larger scale.”

13 - BioAlgas/Technology – 2

http://www.arup.com/News/2013_03_March/22_March_Hamburg_debut_for_first_bio

_reactive_facade.aspx

World first bio-reactive – (microalgae)

 façade debuts in Hamburg

The bioreactor façade at the BIQ house is in position and will be

showcased for the first time on 23 March at the opening of the

International Building Exhibition in Hamburg.

After that, the integrated algae-based system will be put into full operational mode at an

inauguration event for the media on 25 April.

The BIQ house will become the world’s first pilot project to showcase a bioreactive

façade at the International Building Exhibition (IBA) in Hamburg on 23 March. With

200m² of integrated photo-bioreactors, this passive-energy house generates biomass and

heat as renewable energy resources. At the same time, the system integrates additional

functionality such as dynamic shading, thermal insulation and noise abatement,

highlighting the full potential of this technology.

The microalgae used in the façades are cultivated in flat panel glass bioreactors

measuring 2.5m x 0.7m. In total, 129 bioreactors have been installed on the south west

and south east faces of the four-storey residential building. The heart of the system is

the fully automated energy management centre where solar thermal heat and algae are

harvested in a closed loop to be stored and used to generate hot water.

The innovative façade system is the result of three years of research and development

by Colt International based on a bio-reactor concept developed by SSC Ltd and design

work led by Arup. Funding support came from the German Government’s

"ZukunftBau" research initiative.

"Using bio-chemical processes in the façade of a building to create shade and energy is

a really innovative concept. It might well become a sustainable solution for energy

production in urban areas, so it is great to see it being tested in a real-life scenario."

—Jan Wurm, Arup’s Europe Research Leader

The system will be officially presented to the media on 25 April 2013 when the

biofaçade system goes into operation for the first time.

14 - BioAlgas/Technology – 3

http://fondationoceanvital.com/Avion-sans-empreinte-carbone-Eraole-R#

+ En juin 2015, la tentative de 1er vol transatlantique sans empreinte

carbone !

Avion sans empreinte carbone Eraole®

Annonce officielle le 18 juin 2013 sur le Salon du Bourget :  dans la tradition des

Lindbergh, Mermoz, Rutan... Raphaël DINELLI tentera en 2015 le 1 er vol

transatlantique sans empreinte carbone   aux commandes de l'Eraole ® : un avion

révolutionnaire pour un défi qui ne l'est pas moins !  

Eraole ® constitue un concentré d'innovations et défis technologiques : la propulsion

électrique "zéro carbone" - hybride 25 % solaire / 75 % bioénergie - d'un avion type

biplan décalé, explorant les solutions de propulsion longue distance de demain.

Labellisé par les pôles de compétitivité   EMC2  et Tennerdis , le projet Eraole ®

 mobilise :

 l'expertise de la Fondation Océan Vital, notamment en énergie solaire

(procédé breveté) et en composites

 les  études aérodynamiques de l' ONERA et d' ANDHEO

 les compétences d'un groupe d'experts , personnes qualifiées et ingénieurs de la

Fondation Océan Vital

 le partenariat de ténors institutionnels ( Aéro-Club de France , Région Pays de

la Loire ), de la recherche ( INES , ICAM ) et de la filière aéronautique (

ELECTRAVIA ...).

Au printemps 2015, dès que les meilleures conditions météo et de portance seront

réunies, Eraole ® décollera de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon et volera vers la France en

silence et sans émission de CO 2 : à la clé, un authentique exploit et une avancée

majeure pour une aviation du futur plus "verte" !

15 - BioAlgas/nutraceutical – 1

http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-tec-entering-nutraceutical-

market/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndus

tryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29

Algae.Tec entering nutraceutical market

December 17, 2013

AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com

Algae.Tec’s production facility Shoalhaven One, near Sydney, Australia

lgae.Tec has entered into an exclusive Collaborative Agreement with Nutrition

Care Laboratories, based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. “A decision has been made

to focus, in the short term, upon the growing of high quality, high value, nutraceuticals,

with an immediate focus on Chlorella and B-Carotene algae. Other nutraceutical algae

products will follow,” said Algae.Tec Chairman Roger Stroud.

This announcement comes in the wake of a Validation Report from Sydney

Environmental and Soil Laboratory Pty Ltd – a National Association of Testing

Authorities approved company – that confirmed the application and production

capability of the Algae.Tec system in an industrial setting. The report, according to

Stroud, said the algae yields achieved are of a sufficiently high level to justify the

establishment of a new dedicated algae production facility at Nowra, south of Sydney in

New South Wales.

To speed up the path to profitability, Algae.Tec has identified the nutraceuticals market

to be worth an estimated $205 billion by 2017 (according to market forecasters,

Transparency Market Research) as a significant opportunity that offers:

 Relatively low capital establishment costs

 Potential for high gross margins on revenue

 Significant and growing market in Asia in particular

As part of this strategic opportunity, Algae.Tec has teamed with Nutrition Care, a

manufacturer and marketer of high value nutraceuticals for many of the best known

nutraceutical brands in Australia and internationally, with a focus on Asian markets in

particular.

Initial efforts for the companies will focus on Chlorella, which they agree is an

increasingly attractive high protein, nutritional food source, and is highly sought after in

Asia; and B-Carotene, which is in demand as a nutritional supplement for vision,

immunity and overall health.

Wholesale prices for the Chlorella and B-Carotene are currently $16,000 and up to

$90,000 per ton, respectively, according to Algae.TEC. A healthy gross margin on

revenue is anticipated as capital costs are expected to be in the vicinity of $7,000 per

ton.

Production of Chlorella, and B-Carotene, is expected by the companies to be 2,000 tons

in 2014, 4,000 tons in 2015, 8,000 tons in 2016, and 10,000 tons by 2017.

Algae.Tec has entered into a long-term lease at an industrial warehouse complex in

Nowra. This, they say, will facilitate a rapid start up of production. Sources of capital

are expected to be equity, tax rebates and internal cash flow.

16 - BioAlgas/Biodiesel - 1

http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/14626/1/BIODIESEL%20PRODUC

TION%20BY%20MICROALGAE%20AND%20MACROALGAE%20FROM%20NORTH

%20LITTORAL%20PORTUGUESE%20COAST.pdf

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY MICROALGAE AND MACROALGAE FROM

NORTH LITTORAL PORTUGUESE COAST.

J. Carvalho1, A. Ribeiro2, J.Castro3 C. Vilarinho4 , F. Castro5

1  CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization/CT2M, jcarvalho@cvresiduos.pt

2 CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization, aribeiro@cvresiduos.pt.

3 University of Minho, a50059@alunos.uminho.pt.

4 University of Minho/CT2M , candida@dem.uminho.pt.

5 University of Minho/CT2M, fcastro@dem.uminho.pt

ABSTRACT:

Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has many benefits. It is biodegradable, non toxic and

compared to petroleum based diesel, has a more favorable combustion emission profile, such

as low emissions of carbon monox ide, particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons. In brief,

these merits make biodiesel a good alternative to petroleum based fuel.



Biodiesel feedstocks derived from microalgae and macroalgae have emerged as one of the

most promising alternative sources o f lipid for use in biodiesel production because of their high

photosynthetic efficiency to produce biomass and their higher growth rates and productivity

compared to conventional crops. In addition to their fast reproduction, they are easier to

cultivate than many other types of plants and can produce a higher yield of oil for biodiesel

production.

In this work biodiesel was produced using the species of microalgae Chlorella emersonii and

Botrycoccus braunii due to its high oil content.

Biodiesel productions through macroalgae oil are in preliminary phase. Therefore, results and

methodology will not be present ed in this work.

Technological assessment of process was carried out to evaluate their technical benefits,

limitations and quality of final product.

In this work biodiesel from microalgae oil was produced by an alkali-catalyzed transesterification

and it was achieved 93% of mass conversion. The evaluation of quality from raw materials and

final biodiesel was performed according to standard EN 14214.

Results show that all parameters analyzed meet the standard and legislation requirements. This

evidence proves that in those operational conditions the biodiesel produced from microalgae

can substitute petroleum based diesel.